「彩虹」團體在運動競技裡的影響

Abstract

本研究以問卷調查法以及質性研究深度訪談法之半結構方式進行，問卷調查結果發現，女子組甲一級團體球類項目女同性戀運動選手比例高達56%。 訪談對象為國內甲一級團體球類項目且自我認同為Tomboy為受訪者，研究結果發現：一、「彩虹」團體在運動競技裡，教練與隊友對待女同性戀運動員的方式與態度在運動環境下所造成的正面影響居多，教練主要以成績為主，在對待球員方式與態度是一致平等對待，不管是場上或場下唯一的要求就是不要把情緒帶到球場上，影響他人。隊友相處的方式與態度，不管是對待同性戀或異性戀的隊友，在相處方式是一樣的，並不會因性向的不同而排擠對方，大多表現出的是彼此互相關心、支持與認同，以實際行動來表現真誠的對待。 二、女同性戀運動員，在運動競技的好處為：球隊裡的歸屬感和情感上的寄託，以及在運動競技場上能吸引或擁有更多球迷及支持者來提升自信心，其他部份為，增加責任感、自我要求及運動能力的表現與想法觀念的成長。女同性戀運動員在運動競技的限制：則以家人的因素居多也最具影響，因父母在觀念、想法還存留過去的性別刻板印象，不太能接受性傾向的改變，另外，語言歧視/語言暴力也是常見之一，希望以上結果可提供體育相關領域人員對待女同性戀運動員之參考。The research is conducted with semi-structured way of questionnaire survey and qualitative research, in-depth interview. The result of the questionnaire survey shows that the percentage of lesbian athletes in collegiate Women’s Level I ball teams is 56% high. The interviewees are the athletes of Level I ball teams who identify themselves as tomboys. Our research result found out that: first, in sports,the way and attitude that coaches and teammates used to treat lesbian athletes have more positive effect under the athletic environment. Coach mainly focuses on achievement, and treats every athlete equally. The only demand of coach is never bring the emotions to the court to affect others. On the other hand,teammates have no difference in getting along with heterosexual or homosexual teammates. Instead of discriminating one another due to different sexual orientation, they care, support, and recognize each other, showing their sincerity in action. Second, the advantage in sports for lesbian athletes is that their belongingness, emotional commitment, attraction to more fans and supporters in athletic fields could bring them more confidence, raise their sense of responsibility, self-disciplinary, and improve their athletic performance. However, for lesbian athletes, the main and the most affective limit to sports is the family factor. Owing to the past, traditional image of gender stereotype, it is not simple for some parents to accept the change of sexual orientation.Moreover, the language discrimination and verbal violence are also common. I hope the above results can serve as a reference for sports-related personnel when they treat lesbian athletes.