教師著作
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Item English and Mandarin speakers may think about time differently, but for a different reason.(2011-11-06) Chen, J.-Y.; O’Seaghdha, P. G.; Liang, B. H.; Huang, X. H.Item Word Form Encoding in Zhuyin Typing.(2011-10-16) Chen, T. M.; Chen, J.-Y.Item Chinese Speakers Do not Think about Time Differently than Portuguese Speakers.(2011-11-06) Sanvido, G. B.; de Rose, J. C.; Chen, J.-Y.Item Close but not proximate: The significance of phonological segments in speaking depends on their functional engagement.(National Academy of Sciences, 2013-01-02) O'Seaghdha, P. G.; Chen, J.-Y.; Chen, T.-M.Item Linguistically directed attention to the temporal aspect of action events in monolingual English speakers and Chinese-English bilingual speakers with varying English proficiency.(Cambridge University Press, 2012-04-01) Chen, J.-Y.; Su, J.-J.; Lee, C.-Y.; O'Seaghdha, P. G.Chinese and English speakers seem to hold different conceptions of time which may be related to the different codings of time in the two languages. Employing a sentence–picture matching task, we have investigated this linguistic relativity in Chinese–English bilinguals varying in English proficiency and found that those with high proficiency performed differently from those with low proficiency. Additional monolingual English data, reported here, showed further that high-proficiency bilinguals performed similarly to the English monolinguals, suggesting that Chinese speakers’ sensitivity to the time of an action event might be modifiable according to the extent of their experience with a tensed language.Item Mechanism and locus of Tone 3 sandhi during Mandarin Chinese spoken word production.(Chinese University Press) Chen, J.-Y.; Chen, T.-M.Item The proximate unit in Chinese handwritten character production.(Frontiers Research Foundation, 2013-08-09) Chen, J.-Y.; Cherng, R.-J.In spoken word production, a proximate unit is the first phonological unit at the sublexical level that is selectable for production (O'Seaghdha et al., 2010). The present study investigated whether the proximate unit in Chinese handwritten character production is the stroke, the radical, or something in between. A written version of the form preparation task was adopted. Chinese participants learned sets of two-character words, later were cued with the first character of each word, and had to write down the second character (the target). Response times were measured from the onset of a cue character to the onset of a written response. In Experiment 1, the target characters within a block shared (homogeneous) or did not share (heterogeneous) the first stroke. In Experiment 2, the first two strokes were shared in the homogeneous blocks. Response times in the homogeneous blocks and in the heterogeneous blocks were comparable in both experiments (Experiment 1: 687 vs. 684 ms, Experiment 2: 717 vs. 716). In Experiment 3 and 4, the target characters within a block shared or did not share the first radical. Response times in the homogeneous blocks were significantly faster than those in the heterogeneous blocks (Experiment 3: 685 vs. 704, Experiment 4: 594 vs. 650). In Experiment 5 and 6, the shared component was a Gestalt-like form that is more than a stroke, constitutes a portion of the target character, can be a stand-alone character itself, can be a radical of another character but is not a radical of the target character (e.g., � in , , , ; called a logographeme). Response times in the homogeneous blocks were significantly faster than those in the heterogeneous blocks (Experiment 5: 576 vs. 625, Experiment 6: 586 vs. 620). These results suggest a model of Chinese handwritten character production in which the stroke is not a functional unit, the radical plays the role of a morpheme, and the logographeme is the proximate unit.Item The Syllable as the proximate unit in Mandarin Chinese word production: An intrinsic or accidental property of the production system?(Springer-Verlag, 2013-02-01) Chen, T.-M.; Chen, J.-Y.Previous word production research employing the implicit-priming paradigm has shown that speakers can benefit from advance knowledge of the initial word form of the word to be produced. In Dutch and English, a single onset segment is sufficient to produce the benefit, but a complete syllable (without the tone) is required in Mandarin Chinese. These findings have been interpreted as suggesting language-dependent proximate units for word-form encoding, which are intrinsic to a language-specific system. Nonetheless, the absence of a segment effect in Mandarin Chinese might have to do with the orthographic characteristics of the prompts, which are syllable-based and could have motivated the production system to place more emphasis on the syllable than on the segment. Two experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, we employed the implicit-priming paradigm with both spoken and written prompts, and in Experiment 2 we adopted a picture version of this paradigm. Spoken prompts are less likely to encourage an orthographically induced syllable bias, and picture naming involves no prompts, leaving no room for any syllable bias that prompts might induce. The results from both experiments showed syllable preparation effects but no segment preparation effects, regardless of whether prompts were written, spoken, or absent. These findings suggest that the syllable as the proximate unit in Mandarin Chinese word production is an intrinsic, and not an accidental or task-dependent, property of the production system.Item Word form encoding in Mandarin Chinese typewritten word production: Evidence from the implicit priming task.(ELSEVIER, 2013-01-01) Chen, J.-Y.; Chen, T.-M.Employing the implicit priming task, we examined whether Chinese words that shared the initial onset consonant could be typed, using the phonetic-based method (called zhuyin), with faster response times than words that did not share the initial onset consonant. We also examined the effect of sharing the initial tonal syllable. A significant onset preparation effect and a significant syllable preparation effect were both observed. The latter was found to vary linearly with the number of segments in the syllable. The slope of 63 ms was similar to the 70-ms onset effect, suggesting that the syllable effect was segment-based. The results contrasted with the lack of an onset effect previously reported for speaking, and were interpreted as supporting the output constraint hypothesis which states that the kind of outputs a production system is designed to produce (speaking vs. typing) can flexibly and adaptively alter the way the system is organized and operates.Item The effects of numeral classifiers and taxonomic categories on Chinese and English speakers' recall of nouns.(Springer Netherlands, 2013-07-01) Huang, S.; Chen, J.-Y.It has been suggested that classifiers in Chinese serve a semantic function of categorizing the nouns in terms of their perceptual and functional features. In this study, we investigated the classifiers’ organizational utility in a recall task by contrasting it with that of taxonomic categories. Chinese and English participants studied and immediately recalled two lists of nouns, one associated with four taxonomic categories and the other with four classifiers. The nouns were presented randomly in bare forms or in columns labeled by category names or classifiers. Substantial subjective clustering effects were found in the recall of taxonomically categorized nouns whether they were presented randomly or in labeled columns. The recall of classifier categorized nouns showed no clustering when presented randomly, but some clustering when presented in labeled columns. The findings indicate that (1) classifiers do not serve as a spontaneous memory organizational device among Chinese speakers, (2) when used as such under specific circumstances (e.g., explicitly cued), they are not as effective as taxonomic categories, and (3) Chinese speakers benefit more from explicit labels of classifiers than English, which hints at an indirect language effect. These findings suggest that classifiers are analogous to the so-called ad hoc categories, the constancy of which relies on the degree features shared among the member nouns, as well as the frequency with which speakers are exposed to these nouns as a group, which includes the linguistic experience of using the same classifier to refer to them.