行政單位
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Item Automatic Urban Road Segmentation(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 2006-10-??) 鍾允中; 王俊明; 張祥利; 陳世旺; Yun-Chung Chung, Jung-Ming Wang, Shyang-Lih Chang, and Sei-Wang Chen自動都市馬路區塊擷取於電腦視覺影像處理的應用上是非常重要的，舉例而言，交通流量偵測、交通監控、以及事件偵測等都需要這項技術為基礎。自動都市馬路區塊擷取可以提供影像中有效的路面區域，避免物件偵測程式浪費不需要的運算於非路面區域，並且可以減少錯誤偵測的發生。本論文中所提出自動都市馬路區塊擷取方法使用了模糊與陰影集（fuzzy-shadowed sets）的方法來自動判斷路面的區域。本論文所提出的方法包括以下四個主要步驟：背景自動產生、前景物的偵測、背景黏貼法、路面定位。由實驗的結果中顯示，本論文所提出的方法在許多實際路面影像處理應用上都有良好的結果。Item Investigation of the Electromagnetic Interference Effect on a Conduction Wire in a Schmitt Trigger Circuit(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 2006-10-??) 蔡漢彰; Han-Chang Tsai本研究以實際設計的施密特觸發器的電子電路，得其二個起動轉態電壓V1 與V2，再從電磁干擾（EMI）理論及實際量測結果去証實電磁干擾的影響函數參數，進而量化其干擾量。此量化結果顯示EMI 的干擾量與干擾頻率及干擾振幅有關，較高的干擾頻率及干擾振幅有較大的輸出電壓Vrms-out，此與本文所推導的EMI 理論相吻合。Item An Edge Analysis Based Blur Measure for Image Processing Applications(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 2006-10-??) 鍾允中; 張祥利; 王俊明; 陳世旺; Yun-Chung Chung, Shyang-Lih Chang, Jung-Ming Wang, and Sei-Wang Chen本論文中提出一個新的基於邊緣分析之模糊測量標準。本項模糊測量標準是基於邊緣分析的基礎而訂立，此模糊測量標準適用於各種不同之影像處理應用。本論文所提出的方法針對所有邊緣點分析，以加權的方式結合邊緣梯度變異量資訊以及邊緣梯度強度資訊，定義出本項模糊測量標準。邊緣梯度變異量資訊描述了邊緣的寬度資訊，而邊緣梯度強度資訊則讓邊緣資訊更加的可靠。此外，加權的值並不需要人工輸入，而是直接由輸入影像的對比資訊自動決定。由實驗的結果中顯示，本論文所提出的方法在許多影像處理應用上都有良好的結果。Item 女性圖像與廣告之研究(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 2008-07-??) 林筱玲; 葉金燦; Hsiao-Ling Lin and Jin-Tsann Yeh台灣人是非常喜歡吃藥的民族，大多人認為吃藥能保健強身，早期報紙充斥以女性圖像表現的醫藥廣告，這些女性為主的醫藥廣告訴求類型為何，是否與台灣早期生活型態有密切關係；本研究將範圍鎖定 1956年至 1970年間，女性圖像醫藥廣告最蓬勃發展的年代，並蒐集台灣用藥文化、女性角色廣告表現等相關文獻，結合內容分析法進行研究，分析醫藥廣告中女性圖像所傳遞的視覺象徵意義，進一步歸納並從中探索醫藥廣告中女性圖像表現之視覺性，研究發現醫藥廣告中女性圖像代表的民眾崇拜心理與自我提升，圖像並具有傳統東方面孔與西方裝扮的造型，這些早期醫藥廣告彷彿一部歷史紀錄片，女性圖像代表一種美的指標，一段歷史的紀錄，更是一個文化傳承。Item 檢視臺灣青少年的哈利波特現象(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 2005-10-??) 賴維菁; 呂孟娟; Wei -Ching Lai and Meng-Chuan Lu本研究旨在探討哈利波特系列小說何以能在台灣掀起青少年閱讀的風潮，並進一部探討這股風潮對台灣青少年所造成的影響。本論文以文學、文化研究為主軸，涉及行銷、心理、教育等議題，試圖以跨領域研究的方式來檢視台灣的哈利波特現象，論文所依據的數據主要來自自行設計的問卷調查。研究主體分為三個部分：（一）文學商品化-探討二十世紀的文化產業，以及哈利波特作為一種文化產品在全球銷售的績效；（二）哈利波特風靡全球的因素-以「成功的宣傳機制」、「讀者的心理需求」、「跨文類的精彩文本」三個面向來討論哈利波特銷售的熱潮；（三）哈利波特系列小說對台灣青少年的影響-以比較正向的觀點來看待這種影響，討論內容包括「閱讀習慣的培養」、「想像力的提升」以及「獨立思考能力的建立」。Item 臺灣北高兩市民眾對公平與關懷道德認知之研(國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處, 2008-07-??) 陳建寧; 馬群傑; 汪明生; Chien-Ning Chen, Chun-Chieh Ma, and Ming-Shen Wang觀察臺灣北高兩市出現「南北差距」問題的過程，涉及「個人」與「社會」因素，國內多從經濟、社會、政治及政府等個別、單一與行為角度來探討，忽視潛藏、無形與本質面的文化之分析。本研究以文化中的道德認知作為社會系統機制來回應南北差距現象，並從判斷分析觀點，以社會判斷理論（Social Judgment Theory, SJT）為研究方法，探討北高兩市民眾所呈現的道德認知，並提出道德認知操作步驟作為未來道德研究之參考。分析發現呈現公平（38%與31%）、關懷（42%與47%）、公平/關懷（20%與22%）的道德認知差距。這反映高雄市在現代社會中保有傳統社會之現象，相對地，台北市具有現代社會基礎提升到後現代社會之傾向。Item A search for a correlation between time change in transfer functions and seismic energy release in northern Taiwan(2006-09-16) Chen, Kuang-Jung; Chiu, Bonbbon; Lin, Cheng-HorngAbstract The geomagnetic data of the Lunping Geomagnetic Observatory from 1988 to 2000 are utilized for computing daily geomagnetic transfer functions. The method of analysis is based on the power spectrum analysis developed by Everett and Hyndman. Monthly means are statistically obtained from these daily values of transfer functions. In order to compare these time changes with seismic activity (seismicity), the earthquakes occurring within 150 km from Lunping, with a magnitude ML greater than 4.0, are located. The related energy releases by those earthquakes, summed month by month, are correlated to the transfer functions. After removing the seasonal effect, we find that the time changes of magnitude of Au and Bu (real parts of the transfer function) for frequencies of 2, 3, 4, and 6 cycles/hour seem to be strongly related to the energy release within the whole study period. Two significant precursors were found from the A and B values, 40 and 20 months before high seismicities, respectively.Item Examination of effects of GSK3β phosphorylation, β-catenin phosphorylation, and β-catenin degradation on kinetics of Wnt signaling pathway using computational method(2009-07-22) Sun, Ying-ChiehAbstract Background Recent experiments have explored effects of activities of kinases other than the well-studied GSK3β, in wnt pathway signaling, particularly at the level of β-catenin. It has also been found that the kinase PKA attenuates β-catenin degradation. However, the effects of these kinases on the level and degradation of β-catenin and the resulting downstream transcription activity remain to be clarified. Furthermore, the effect of GSK3β phosphorylation on the β-catenin level has not been examined computationally. In the present study, the effects of phosphorylation of GSK3β and of phosphorylations and degradation of β-catenin on the kinetics of the wnt signaling pathway were examined computationally. Methods The well-known computational Lee-Heinrich kinetic model of the wnt pathway was modified to include these effects. The rate laws of reactions in the modified model were solved numerically to examine these effects on β-catenin level. Results The computations showed that the β-catenin level is almost linearly proportional to the phosphorylation activity of GSK3β. The dependence of β-catenin level on the phosphorylation and degradation of free β-catenin and downstream TCF activity can be analyzed with an approximate, simple function of kinetic parameters for added reaction steps associated with effects examined, rationalizing the experimental results. Conclusion The phosphorylations of β-catenin by kinases other than GSK3β involve free unphorphorylated β-catenin rather than GSK3β-phosphorylated β-catenin*. In order to account for the observed enhancement of TCF activity, the β-catenin dephosphorylation step is essential, and the kinetic parameters of β-catenin phosphorylation and degradation need to meet a condition described in the main text. These findings should be useful for future experiments.Item Oxidative stress promotes autophagic cell death in human neuroblastoma cells with ectopic transfer of mitochondrial PPP2R2B (Bβ2)(2009-12-18) Cheng, Wan-Ting; Guo, Zhi-Xuan; Lin, Chia-An; Lin, Ming-Yi; Tung, Li-Chu; Fang, KangAbstract Background The multifunctional protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein phosphatase composed of a scaffolding, catalytic and regulatory subunits. By modifying various downstream signal transducers, the aberrant expression of the brain-targeted regulatory subunit PPP2R2B is associated with the onset of a panel of neuronal disorders. The alternatively splicing of PPP2R2B encodes two regulatory subunit isoforms that determine cellular distribution of the neuron-specific holoenzyme to mitochondria (Bβ2) and cytoplasm (Bβ1), respectively. Results Human neuroblastoma cells were transfected with PPP2R2B constructs encoding the complete sequences of Bβ2 and Bβ1, respectively. The colonies with antibiotic resistance were selected as stable cell lines. Both ectopic Bβ1 and Bβ2 clones exhibited characteristics of autophagy. To test how cells respond to reactive oxygen species generators, the cells were treated with either hydrogen peroxide or t-butyl hydroperoxide and Bβ2 clones induced cell death. Suppression of autophagy using either RNA interference of the essential autophagy gene or pharmacological inhibitor rescued cell death caused by oxidative stress. Conclusions Cells with ectopically expressed mitochondria-targeted regulatory subunit PPP2R2B of the holoenzyme PP2A were shown predisposed to autophagy and oxidative stress induced cell death that is related to apoptosis. The results promised a model for studying the mechanism and function of aberrant PPP2R2B expression in neuronal cells. The work provided a new target for understanding and prevention of neuropathogenesis.Item Paraphyly of organelle DNAs in Cycas Sect. Asiorientales due to ancient ancestral polymorphisms(2009-07-10) Chiang, Yu-Chung; Hung, Kuo-Hsiang; Moore, Shann-Jye; Ge, Xue-Jun; Huang, Shong; Hsu, Tsai-Wen; Schaal, Barbara A; Chiang, TYAbstract Background This study addresses the apportionment of genetic diversity between Cycas revoluta and C. taitungensis, species that constitute the section Asiorientales and represent a unique, basal lineage of the Laurasian genus Cycas. Fossil evidence indicates divergence of the section from the rest of Cycas at least 30 million years ago. Geographically, C. taitungensis is limited to Taiwan whereas C. revoluta is found in the Ryukyu Archipelago and on mainland China. Results The phylogenies of ribosomal ITS region of mtDNA and the intergenic spacer between atpB and rbcL genes of cpDNA were reconstructed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed paraphyly of both loci in the two species and also in the section Asiorientales. The lack of reciprocal monophyly between these long isolated sections is likely due to persistent shared ancestral polymorphisms. Molecular dating estimated that mt- and cp DNA lineages coalesced to the most recent common ancestors (TMRCA) about 327 (mt) and 204 MYA (cp), corresponding with the divergence of cycad sections in the Mesozoic. Conclusion Fates of newly derived mutations of cycads follow Klopfstein et al.'s surfing model where the majority of new mutations do not spread geographically and remain at low frequencies or are eventually lost by genetic drift. Only successful 'surfing mutations' reach very high frequencies and occupy a large portion of a species range. These mutations exist as dominant cytotypes across populations and species. Geographical subdivision is lacking in both species, even though recurrent gene flow by both pollen and seed is severely limited. In total, the contrasting levels between historical and ongoing gene flow, large population sizes, a long lifespan, and slow mutation rates in both organelle DNAs have all likely contributed to the unusually long duration of paraphyly in cycads.