黃友棣音詩《琵琶行》之指揮詮釋與研究

Abstract

詩是心靈的語言。黃友棣(1912-2010)根據唐朝詩人白居易(772-846)的七言詩《琵琶行》，結合朗誦、合唱及鋼琴的音詩，於1966年完成創作，此曲是他非常重要的作品之一，他堅持自己的樂教理念｢創作民族自己的音樂及致力於大眾音樂教育，持續地將自己貢獻給國家社會｣。本研究藉由黃友棣的生平、作品的文獻探討來了解其各時期的創作風格，進而探討黃友棣音詩《琵琶行》之創作，以明瞭其音樂內容及特質。整部作品分成呈示部、發展部、再現部及結束部四個部分，分別探討歌詞與音樂之相關性，並研究每個部分所運用的調性、終止式、主題、動機音形與旋律線之間的關聯，探究各個部分所蘊含的音樂表現，進而瞭解其創作《琵琶行》的精闢之處，以作為音樂教學欣賞或音樂理論之參考。根據歌詞、曲式、旋律、和聲、節奏、織度、力度、聲部的關聯與歷史背景，提出研究者個人的見解，作為演出者的指揮詮釋及提供日後教學研究之參考。Poetry is the language of the mind. One of his important works, Song of a Pipa Player based on the seven-word poem from the poet, Chu-Yi Pai (772-846) in Tang Dynasty, composed by Youdi Huang (1912-2010) in 1966, This tone poem combines narrator, choir and piano. The composer has insisted on his own principles of musical education. That is “One has to compose the nation’s own music, devote himself to the public musical education, and to the country and society as well”.Through reviewing Youdi Huang’s biographical information and composition works, we studied the styles of Youdi Huang’s works at different stages. Specifically, we examined one of his works, Song of a Pipa Player, in depth, in order to understand the contents and characteristics of his works. Four sections of the Song of a Pipa Player, exposition, development, recapitulation, and coda were discussed separately in terms of the relation between text and music. In each section, how the relation among tonality, cadence, themes, motifs and melody lines was utilized by Huang was investigated, so that the musical expression embodied in each section of the Song of a Pipa Player was fully explored, and thorough and detailed comprehension would be achieved. Furthermore, the analyses, as a reference, may better our instructing of the class of music appreciation and music theory. Based on the overall musical expression of text, form, melody, harmony, rhythm, texture, dynamics, relation of parts and historical background in this work, suggestions on conducting interpretation for performers and future instruction or research were proposed.