現行高等教育體制與運動員生涯發展關係之探究

Abstract

在當今社會，運動員的生涯發展日益受到重視，不僅僅侷限於體育賽事上的表現，還涵蓋運動員的人生規劃與未來職業路徑，而這一過程中，高等教育所扮演的角色尤為關鍵，高等教育不僅能為運動員提供必要的知識與技能，還能增強運動員的全面素養，使其在運動生涯結束後更好地融入社會。本研究以深度訪談法，選取奧、亞運運動種類，曾獲得全國大專校院運動會、大專球類聯賽及大專盃前三名運動競賽成績以上，體育相關科系畢業之八位運動員，以及曾從事體育行政相關工作十年以上經驗之六位專家學者為研究對象進行訪談，透過Colaizzi現象學資料分析法進行整理，從中了解高等教育對於運動員養成及學習適應與生涯發展之關係，並透過專家學者經驗剖析現行高等教育針對運動員生涯發展之政策改善與建議。研究結果顯示：目前臺灣高等教育環境尚不足以支撐運動員生涯轉換的必要條件，其中包括課程設計、課程落實程度、授課教師要求程度等等，加上運動員普遍為了追求競技運動成績而忽略其他知識知能的學習，且整體環境氛圍過於強調運動員的競技運動成績表現，如此循環造成了運動員積極往競技運動窄門奔赴，最後退役時面臨生涯轉換困境。為了避免形成一系統性的循環，結合混沌理論，透過高等教育啟發運動員思維與知能養成，在系統循環中介入奇異吸子，讓運動員生涯發展開拓無限可能性。建議爾後研究可針對目前或已畢業就讀非體育相關科系之運動員，從中發現運動員對於生涯發展轉換的異同點，並於發現許多成功案例與失敗經驗當中，形成一系列的參考模型，為未來的運動員提供借鑒。

In today's society, the career development of athletes is increasingly emphasized, not limited to performance in sports competitions but also encompassing athletes' life planning and future career paths. In this process, the role of higher education is particularly crucial. Higher education can not only provide athletes with the necessary knowledge and skills but also enhance their overall qualities, enabling them to integrate better into society after their sports careers end. This study utilizes in-depth interviews, selecting athletes from Olympic and Asian Games sports, who have achieved top three rankings in national collegiate sports competitions, graduated from sports-related programs, and six experts with over ten years of experience in sports administration. Through the Colaizzi phenomenological data analysis method, the research organizes the findings to understand the relationship between higher education and athlete development, learning adaptation, and career development, also analyzing the current higher education policies concerning athlete career development through the experiences of experts. The results indicate that the current environment of higher education in Taiwan is insufficient to support the necessary conditions for athletes' career transitions, including curriculum design, implementation, and the demands placed on instructors. Moreover, athletes tend to neglect the learning of other knowledge and skills to pursue competitive sports achievements, and the overall environment excessively emphasizes athletic performance, creating a cycle that drives athletes towards a narrow focus on competitive sports, ultimately facing career transition difficulties upon retirement. To avoid forming a systematic cycle, combining chaos theory, the study suggests that higher education should inspire athletes' thinking and skills development, intervening with strange attractors in the systemic cycle, allowing athletes' career development to open up infinite possibilities. Future research may focus on athletes currently or recently graduated from non-sports-related programs to discover similarities and differences in their career transition development and to formulate a series of reference models from successful cases and failures, providing insights for future athletes.