比較3對3籃球比賽不同結束方式之進攻節奏

Abstract

自2007年FIBA制定三對三籃球規則以來，參與三對三籃球人數越來越多，更以成為奧運正式項目並開始發展職業賽事。三對三籃球除了以10分鐘作為結束比賽的時間規範外，另有達到21分便結束比賽的可能性。在時間限制下的五人制比賽中已有勝隊用更短時間進攻的更快節奏趨勢，在增加分數結束比賽可能性的三對三籃球應該也會對進攻節奏表現有所影響。目的:探討三對三籃球比賽的兩種比賽結束方式對進攻節奏的影響。方法：以2024 FIBA國際亞洲盃三對三籃球賽男子組41場比賽為研究範圍，於 YouTube的FIBA官方網站取得影片後，進行標記分析，再利用Jamovi統計應用程式以二因子混和設計變異數分析，以勝敗方為相依因子，檢驗不同結束比賽方式及勝敗對球權數量等比賽表現的影響，顯著水準設為α=.05。結果:球權數量與總出手數有類似的趨勢，分數結束的比賽勝隊顯著大於敗隊，且時間結束的球權及出手數皆有多於分數結束比賽的趨勢。球權時間則在分數結束的敗隊顯著長於勝隊。在命中率方面，一分與二分命中率勝隊皆顯著高於敗隊，其中二分命中率更是以分數結束比賽的重要因素。結論: 三對三比賽中，分數結束制比賽的進攻節奏顯著快於時間結束制。分數結束比賽的勝隊有效縮短進攻時間，二分球命中率顯著高於敗隊，迅速達成21分勝利條件，高效率得分是提升比賽節奏與勝率的關鍵。籃球比賽中掌握進攻球權，加快比賽節奏並提高二分球的命中率，是三對三比賽戰術與訓練規劃的基礎。Since FIBA established official 3x3 basketball rules in 2007, participation in the sport has steadily increased. It has even become an official Olympic event and begun developing professional leagues. In addition to ending games after 10 minutes of play, 3x3 basketball also allows games to conclude when a team reaches 21 points. In traditional five-on-five games under time constraints, winning teams often adopt faster offensive strategies. Therefore, this score-based game-ending condition in 3x3 basketball may also influence offensive tempo. Objective: To explore how the two game-ending formats—time-based and score-based—affect offensive tempo in 3x3 basketball. Methods: The study analyzed 41 men's matches from the 2024 FIBA 3x3 Asia Cup. Game videos were obtained from FIBA’s official YouTube channel for notational analysis. The two-way mixed design ANOVA was conducted using Jamovi software, with match outcome (win/loss) as the repeated measure factor. The analysis examined the effects of game-ending format and match result on rhythm performance such as number of possessions, with significance level set at α = .05. Results: Trends in number of possessions mirrored those in total shot attempts. In score-ended games, winning teams had significantly more possessions than losing teams. Time-ended games showed a tendency for more possessions and shot attempts than score-ended games overall. However, in score-ended games, losing teams had significantly longer possession durations than winners. Regarding shooting accuracy, winning teams had significantly higher success rates for both one-point and two-point shots. Notably, two-point shooting percentage was a key factor in score-ended wins. Conclusion: Offensive tempo in score-ended 3x3 basketball games is significantly faster than in time-ended ones. Winning teams in score-ended games effectively shortened possession duration and maintained a significantly higher two-point shooting percentage, enabling them to rapidly meet the 21-point victory condition. Efficient scoring is critical for accelerating game tempo and improving winning chances. Controlling possession, increasing pace, and improving two-point accuracy are fundamental to 3x3 tactical planning and training.