戶外教育對國小學童生活效能影響-以桃園市某教育機構為例

Abstract

經文獻分析顯示，目前有關戶外教育對個人生活效能影響的研究主要集中於高中生與大學生，針對國小學童的生活效能的研究僅有兩篇文獻可供參考。因此，本研究旨在發展適用於國小學童的「生活效能量表」，以建立具備良好信度與效度能的評量工具，並進一步探討戶外教育對國小學童個人生活效能的影響。本研究依據吳崇旗、謝智謀（2008）編製的「冒險教育生活量表」進行修編，經專家審查後，確立了量表的專家效度與內容效度。在預試階段，採用便利取樣方式，向新北市、桃園市、苗栗縣之國民小學三至六年級學生發出203份預試問卷。根據信度與效度分析結果，刪除了原量表中的「主動積極」構面，最終形成包括五大構面的「生活效能量表」，分別為「時間管理」、「情緒控制」、「成就動機」、「社交領導」及「自信心」。為了探討戶外教育對國小學童在生活效能的影響，本研究依據所編製的「生活效能量表」設計了一個三天兩夜的戶外教育，並對桃園市某教育機構的33位國小學童進行實際測試。在戶外教育期間，對學生實施「生活效能量表」的前測與後測，並透過相依樣本t檢定及效果值分析處理研究資料。研究結果顯示，戶外教育對學童在五大生活效能構面及整體生活效能均有增長效果，尤其在「成就動機」構面的提升最為顯著影響。最後，研究者針對未來後續研究提出相關建議，以期能對相關領域做出更大的貢獻。The literature review shows that current research on the impact of outdoor education on individual life effectiveness mainly focuses on high school and college students, with only two studies addressing elementary school students' life effectiveness. This study aims to develop a "Life Effectiveness Scale" suitable for primary school students, to establish a reliable and valid assessment tool, and to further explore the impact of outdoor education on the personal life effectiveness of primary school students. In order to explore the impact of outdoor education on primary school students' life effectiveness. This study designed three days and two nights of outdoor education based on the compiled "Life Effectiveness Scale"and conducted an actual test on 33 elementary school students in an educational institution in Taoyuan City. During the outdoor education period, the pre-test and post-test of the"Life Effectiveness Scale" were administered to the students, and the research data were processed through dependent sample t-test and effect value analysis. Research results show that outdoor education has an increasing effect on school children's five life effectiveness aspects and overall life effectiveness, especially the effect on "achievement motivation" has reached a significant level. Finally, the researchers also put forward relevant suggestions for future follow-up research, hoping tomake greater contributions to related fields.