當運動遇上性/別:五名男同志運動員的認同與處境
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2008
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Abstract
本研究目的係以敘說式的生命故事訪談法,針對五名男同志運動員進行深度訪談,並透過生命故事的呈現,以了解男同志運動員的同性戀認同歷程。另外本研究進一步透過深度訪談的方式,來了解台灣男性運動組織中的性/別態度,以及男同志運動員的生存處境為何。研究結果如下:一、五名男同志運動員的性/別展現,顛覆了「只有異性戀男性才能成為頂尖運動員」的刻板印象。二、五位男同志運動員的認同及性別社會化歷程極具個別差異,並沒有辦法簡化、歸納成一個單一個認同模式。三、「社會媒介所承載的同性戀污名」、「同性戀者內化恐同症的情節」、「個人的人格特質」都是影響男同志運動員同性戀認同過程的重要因素。四、五位男同志運動員所感受到來自男性運動組織的性/別態度,仍存在「憎女情節」、「恐同情節」和「娘娘腔恐懼」。四、針對運動組織中的現/隱身策略,五位男同志運動員於運動中「不現身」的考量有四種,分別為「認為運動組織成員缺乏多元性/別觀念,因此推測他們無法接受」、「害怕現身後,會影響與隊友之間的感情」、「沒有主動現身的必要」以及「害怕被攻擊」。五、五位男同志運動員不向運動教練現身的考量可以分為四種情形,分別為「認為教練無法接受」、「害怕教練因為關注自己性傾向議題,而抹殺自己的努力」、「不想替教練帶來困擾」以及「認為沒有主動現身的必要」。六、五位男同志運動員於運動組織中的隱身策略為「偽裝成異性戀」、「掩飾女性特質」、「貶抑女性/同志」、「避免與男性有過度親密的動作」等四種。本研究建議認為,運動表現無關性/別,運動組織不應該以性/別為考量,而將個人排拒於運動組織之外,另外包括運動組織在內的相關單位,應該加強《性別平等教育》的落實,並且強化個人「獨立思辨能力」、「尊重弱勢」、「包容多元」等相關概念的培養。
The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences and identity formation process of gay sportsman and present the gender/sexual orientation attitude of sports organization. The research method of this project is "in-depth interview." The subject of this study are five sportsman. The major findings are summarized as following (1) gender/sexual orientation and sport performance are not necessarily related. (2) Friendly gender/sexual environment can help one’s homosexual identity formation process and gender socialization process. (3) The sexual attitude of sports organization is full of "misogyny"、"homophobia" and "sissyphobia". (4) Five gay-sportsman would have more willing to come out to someone with friendly attitude, and their strategies of stigma management include "acting like a straight"、"hiding the feminine"、"discrimination against gay and female"and "keep distance with other member".The research conclusion shows "it’s important to enforce the gender equity education in our society."
The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences and identity formation process of gay sportsman and present the gender/sexual orientation attitude of sports organization. The research method of this project is "in-depth interview." The subject of this study are five sportsman. The major findings are summarized as following (1) gender/sexual orientation and sport performance are not necessarily related. (2) Friendly gender/sexual environment can help one’s homosexual identity formation process and gender socialization process. (3) The sexual attitude of sports organization is full of "misogyny"、"homophobia" and "sissyphobia". (4) Five gay-sportsman would have more willing to come out to someone with friendly attitude, and their strategies of stigma management include "acting like a straight"、"hiding the feminine"、"discrimination against gay and female"and "keep distance with other member".The research conclusion shows "it’s important to enforce the gender equity education in our society."
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男同志運動員, 同性戀認同, 性/別, 現身, 污名策略, gay sportsman, homosexuality identity, gender/sexual orientation, come out, stigma management