探究臺灣民眾的氣候變遷知識、風險感知、自然連結、希望感、負面情感對氣候行動之影響

Abstract

近年來，氣候變遷已成為全球關注的焦點之一，而公民在減緩及調適行動中的角色尤為關鍵。在臺灣環境部2023年進行的氣候變遷與淨零排放素養調查中，結果顯示民眾在氣候變遷知識的素養較往年提升，然而在行為面的進展卻相對有限。此外，國外學界近年亦逐漸關注氣候變遷引發的情意或情感反應，而產生希望、焦慮、憤怒感等研究主題，但臺灣針對情感的相關研究仍相對缺乏。透過現有文獻之回顧，本研究發現氣候變遷風險感知、情意、情感及知識皆為影響氣候行動的重要因素，因此將知識、風險感知、自然連結、希望感、負面情感等因素納入模型，嘗試釐清其與氣候行動之間的複雜關係，並提出以下三個問題：(1) 參與本調查的臺灣民眾在知識、風險感知、自然連結、希望感、負面情感、行動的概況為何？(2) 前述五變項對氣候行動是否有預測效果？(3) 知識、風險感知、自然連結是否能透過希望感及負面情感間接影響行動？本研究為量化之相關性研究，針對18-75歲臺灣民眾進行調查，並以年齡及居住區域進行配額抽樣，共收集437份有效樣本。本研究所編制之問卷共計61題，並使用SPSS 27及Mplus 8.10進行項目分析、難度、鑑別度、探索性及驗證性因素分析、內部一致性信度，以確認變項測量題組的信效度。另以描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、多變量變異數分析回應研究問題1，並檢驗性別、年齡等背景變項的組間差異。最後以結構方程模型取向之路徑分析回答研究問題2、3。研究結果顯示，知識、自然連結、希望感及負面情感皆對氣候行動具有顯著正向影響，惟風險感知無法直接預測氣候行動。在間接效果上，風險感知可藉由希望感及負面情感間接影響行動，自然連結則透過希望感間接影響行動。最後，本研究亦對分析結果提出未來學術研究及實務上的建議。

In recent years, climate change (CC) has emerged as one of the most pressing global issues, with citizen participation in mitigation and adaptation actions playing a crucial role. According to a 2023 survey conducted by Taiwan's Ministry of Environment on CC and net-zero literacy, the public's knowledge of CC has improved compared to previous years; however, behavioral engagement remains relatively limited. Meanwhile, international academic communities have increasingly emphasized the affection and affect dimensions of CC—such as hope, anxiety, and anger—yet such research remains limited in the Taiwanese context. Through the literature review, my research identifies CC risk perception, affection, affect, and CC knowledge as key predictors of climate action. Therefore, my research incorporates CC knowledge, risk perception, connection with nature, hope, and negative affect into my research model to examine their complex relationships with climate action. Three research questions are proposed: (1) What are the preview of knowledge, risk perception, connection with nature, hope, negative affect, and climate action among Taiwanese citizens in the research? (2) To what extent do these five factors predict climate action? (3) Do knowledge, risk perception, and connection with nature indirectly influence climate action through hope and negative affect?Correlational research of quantitative research was conducted among Taiwanese citizens aged 18 to 75 using quota sampling based on age and region. A total of 437 valid responses were collected. The 61-item questionnaire was developed, and item analysis, difficulty, discrimination, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency reliability testing were conducted using SPSS 27 and Mplus 8.10 to ensure the item’s reliability and validity. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to answer Research Question 1 and examine group differences based on demographic variables. Path analysis of structural equation modeling approach was used to address Research Questions 2 and 3. The results indicate that knowledge, connection with nature, hope, and negative affect significant positive effect climate action, while risk perception does not have a direct effect. However, risk perception indirectly influences climate action through hope and negative affect, and connection with nature indirectly influence climate action via hope. Eventually, my research offers suggestions for future academic research and practical applications.