從五股垃圾山到五股夏綠地的政治生態學分析

Abstract

本研究結合質性訪談與文獻分析，作為政治生態學分析之方法。自1960年代開始，在颱風、隘口拓寬、超抽地下水、地層下陷等諸多因素的情況下，五股東南側平原不再是稻田遍布的景象，更受到洪水平原管制區限制發展，取而代之的是積水難退的沼澤區，使得本區土地利用退化。1980年代末遭到不肖業者傾倒廢土及廢棄物，正式開啟垃圾山的時代，地方勢力長期掌握土方及租金等事業，相互照應導致本區的問題始終無法根除，環境品質因而退化，反觀對岸蘆洲及一高速公路之隔的新北產業園區（原五股工業區）已有10公尺的堤防高度來防護；鄰近的蘆洲、新莊、三重等行政區亦有較完善的都市計畫，五股的發展落後於他區多與政治因素有關，成為核心地帶旁的邊緣區。當2000年代臺北縣（今新北市）轉型及本區域周圍的快速道路等完工後，廠房隨之佈滿全區，行業類別與地面囤積物應有盡有，既是違規又違法的行為，但廠家仍生存於危險又混亂的環境。這座垃圾山宛如化外之地，環繞本區的主要道路、高速公路及快速道路使本區的發展更加獨立於五股之外，但這裡頭的塵土、燃燒臭味等汙染物不受區域的邊界框限，頻繁影響附近居民的生活品質。過往以陳情、稽查、取締等管理方式皆無法解決本區問題，直到2019年新北市政府透過試辦計畫整頓為夏綠地，作為正式執行都市計畫前的折衷辦法，讓廠家獲得合法使用權，並整頓地表、綠化環境，卻也衍生出農地農用的滿版綠爭議，而在本區新建的公園不一定能獲得居民的認同，不過在地人士仍普遍認同本區整體環境的改善。從良田、沼澤、垃圾山到夏綠地，自試辦計畫開始有望獲得進一步的發展，晉升為區域核心，以擺脫長達60多年來的邊緣發展。

The study primarily combines in-depth interviews and document analysis as methods for political ecology analysis. Since the 1960s, due to various factors such as typhoons, the widening of mountain passes, over pumping of the groundwater, and land subsidence, the southeastern plain of Wugu is no longer a landscape of rice fields. Instead, it has been affected by the floodplain regulation zone that restricts development, transforming the area into a waterlogged swamp. This has led to land use degradation. In the late 1980s, unscrupulous businesses began dumping waste and debris, officially marking the beginning of the Garbage Mountain era. Local powers have long controlled the earthwork and rental businesses, creating a mutual support system that has prevented the resolution of these issues, further degrading environmental quality.In contrast, On the other side, Luzhou, and separated by a highway from the New Taipei Industrial Park (formerly Wugu Industrial Park), have had 10-meter-high levees for protection. The neighboring administrative districts of Luzhou, Xinzhuang, and Sanchong have more comprehensive urban planning. After transformation of Taipei County (now New Taipei City) and the completion of surrounding expressways in the 2000s, factories began to fill the area. The types of industries and accumulated surface materials are varied, they are all illegal and notorious. Despite this, the factories continue to operate in a hazardous and chaotic environment. Garbage mountain is like an isolated land, with major roads, highways, and expressways surrounding it, shaping its development independently of Wugu. However, the dust and burning smells from this area frequently affect the quality of life of nearby residents. Past management methods, such as Complaints, inspections, and crackdowns, have failed to resolve the issues.Until 2019, the New Taipei City Government implemented a pilot project to transform the area into Green Oasis as a compromise before formally executing the urban plan. This allowed factories to obtain legal usage rights while also improving the surface and green environment. However, this also led to controversies over greenery for agricultural land. The newly constructed parks in the area have not necessarily gained the approval of residents, but there is widespread recognition among locals of the overall improvement in the environment.From fertile fields and swamp to Garbage mountains and Green Oasis, the pilot project has provided hope for further development, aiming to transform the area into a regional core and get rid of over 60 years of marginal development.