智障者下階梯動作特徵之研究

Abstract

國 立 台 灣 師 範 大 學 體 育 學 系 碩 士 論 文 智障者下階梯動作特徵研究 摘要 本研究的目的是：一、描述智障者下階梯之動作特徵；二、探討智障者下階梯之動作特徵與其平衡能力的相關；三、探討智障者下階梯之動作特徵與其下肢肌力的相關；四、探討不同障礙程度智障者下階梯之動作特徵之差異。 研究以就讀於國立桃園啟智學校高職部，可以獨立行走，並無肢體或視聽力、情緒障礙之智障學生為對象。經篩選出符合可以獨立行走，並無肢體、視力、或情緒障礙之智障學生187名，平均年齡17.3±1.09歲。動態平衡以八呎起立走為測驗項目，靜態平衡以閉眼單腳站立為測驗項目，下肢肌力以三十秒椅站立為測驗項目。並以經專家效度檢定之「智障者下階梯動作特徵檢查表」對智障者下階梯動作特徵進行評分。結果發現： 1. 智障程度越重者，其下階梯的動作特徵越趨於雙手不自然抬高、僵硬，身體向前傾，下階速度減緩並較多採用兩腳一階的策略下階梯。 2. 除身體傾斜程度與靜態平衡能力無相關外，全體受試者之手部動作、下階步伐、下階步數、下階速度（秒數）與其靜態平衡、動態平衡能力均有明顯相關（p<.o1）。 3. 全體受試者之手部動作、下階步伐、下階步數、下階速度（秒數）、及身體傾斜程度與下肢肌力均有相關。 4. 在智障者下階梯動作特徵上，中度障礙與重度以上障礙在手部動作、身體姿勢、下階速度、下階步數及下階步伐表現均有顯著差異（p＜.01）。

關鍵詞：下階梯動作特徵、平衡能力、下肢肌力

Stair-descending Characteristics in individuals with Mental Disabilities June, 2006 Student : Chih-ming Tseng

Advisor: Mann-Hwei Lin

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to show: 1.the stair-descending characteristics in individuals with mental disabilities, 2. correlation between stair- descending characteristics and balance abilities in individuals with mental disabilities, 3. correlation between stair- descending characteristics and lower limb strength in individuals with mental disabilities, and 4. stair- descending characteristics difference between individuals with moderate and severe mental disabilities. The subjects are 187 students with mental disabilities without physical, visual, auditory and emotional disabilities, average age 17.3（±1.09）years old, from National Tao-Yuan School for the Mental Retardation. 8-feet up and go test and eye-closed-one-leg stance test, were used to evaluate subjects’ balance abilities, and 30-second chair stand test was used to evaluate subjects’ lower limb strength. A 「Check List on Stair- descending Characteristics in Individuals with Mental Disabilities」was designed to evaluate the stair- descending characteristics in individuals with mental disabilities. The results are: 1. the individuals with more severe disability tend to elevate arms with stiffness, incline upper body forward, lower speed and use 2-step-1-stair strategy. 2. the arm motion, gait strategy, total steps, and descending speed are significantly correlated (p<.o1) to balance abilities（8-feet up and go test and eye-closed-one-leg stance test）, body inclination is significantly correlated to the 8-feet-up-and-go-test (p<.o5) but not to the eye-closed-one-leg stance test . 3. the arm motion, gait strategy, body inclination, total steps and climbing speed are significantly correlated (p<.o1) to lower limb strength. 4. significant differences (p<.o1) of all the stair-descending characteristics were found between individuals with moderate and severe mental disabilities.

Key words: stair-dascending characteristics, balance abilities, lower limb strength