高速公路計程電子收費實施尖離峰差別定價對連續假期用路人旅運行為影響之研究
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2015
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Abstract
國道高速公路的收費，從過去採用主線柵欄式計次收費系統，民國102年12月30日零點起全面實施計程收費，成為全球第一個實施全面計程收費的國家。以期實現使用者公平付費之原則，並有效提升國道運輸效率，且達成節能減碳之效果等目標下。預計在未來計程收費制度實施趨於穩定後，政府當局可以加以利用尖離峰差別定價策略以紓解交通擁擠情況。
本研究運用敘述性偏好法(Stated Preference Method)設計問卷，發展出四種不同情境:(1) 實施離峰減價策略，(2) 實施尖峰加價策略，(3) 實施尖峰加價兼離峰減價策略，(4) 實施國道三號通行費率調降策略，了解用路人之選擇行為與偏好，再透對多項羅吉特模式校估出的最佳結果進行應用。本研究分別針對主要使用國道一號與國道三號用路人於中秋節連續假期進行問卷調查得到有效問卷564份。
透過多項羅吉特模式結果發現，旅行時間、旅行成本、旅次目的、年齡、所得等顯著影響用路人的選擇機率。此外，模擬於連續假期實施不同尖離峰差別定價策略之總體移轉彈性，隨尖峰加價之通行費倍率越高，連續假期用路人尖峰移轉彈性越大，但離峰減價對用路人移轉彈性無明顯影響。進一步分析消費者福利經濟變動，尖峰加價兼離峰減價並行策略能有效減緩用路人的福利損失。最後根據分析結果提出相關建議，做為未來政府於連續假期實施尖離峰差別定價的參考依據。
Road pricing is one strategy of transportation demand management which charges an extra toll on private transportation drivers. The goal is to shift users to alternative road、altervative time or public transportation system, and as a result to improve traffic and environment conditions. In this study, stated preference method questionnaire be used on conescutive holidays and developed four different scenarios: (1) price reduction strategies of off-peak, (2) increase price strategies of peak, (3) both (1) and (2) in the same time, (4) price reduction strategies of the freeway No.3, to understanding the effect of road user’s behavior on the consecutive holidays, and then through the logit model to estimates the best results for application. Key words: mileage-base ETC, the peak& off-peak price discrimination, stated preference, logit The multinomial logit model indicates that travel time, travel cost, travel purpose, age and income are significantly influence the choice of probability. Besides, simulate transfer flexibility from choice of probability in different situations, with the higher toll rate increase of the peak, the greater the elasticity of consecutive holidays, but off-peak price reduction for transfer by passers-elastic no significant effect. Further analysis of the economic changes in consumer welfare, and increase price of peak and price reduction of off-peak in parallel can effectively reduce the welfare loss by passers-by. Finally, the results provide valuable policy implications for road pricing on the consecutive holidays.
Road pricing is one strategy of transportation demand management which charges an extra toll on private transportation drivers. The goal is to shift users to alternative road、altervative time or public transportation system, and as a result to improve traffic and environment conditions. In this study, stated preference method questionnaire be used on conescutive holidays and developed four different scenarios: (1) price reduction strategies of off-peak, (2) increase price strategies of peak, (3) both (1) and (2) in the same time, (4) price reduction strategies of the freeway No.3, to understanding the effect of road user’s behavior on the consecutive holidays, and then through the logit model to estimates the best results for application. Key words: mileage-base ETC, the peak& off-peak price discrimination, stated preference, logit The multinomial logit model indicates that travel time, travel cost, travel purpose, age and income are significantly influence the choice of probability. Besides, simulate transfer flexibility from choice of probability in different situations, with the higher toll rate increase of the peak, the greater the elasticity of consecutive holidays, but off-peak price reduction for transfer by passers-elastic no significant effect. Further analysis of the economic changes in consumer welfare, and increase price of peak and price reduction of off-peak in parallel can effectively reduce the welfare loss by passers-by. Finally, the results provide valuable policy implications for road pricing on the consecutive holidays.
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Keywords
計程電子收費, 尖離峰差別定價, 敘述性偏好, 羅吉特, mileage-base ETC, the peak & off-peak price discrimination, stated preference, logit