我國邁向頂尖大學政策之批判論述分析

Abstract

耗費五年五百億的「邁向頂尖大學計畫」，是我國近年來高等教育政策中最有影響力、最具重要性，且最具有指標性意義的政策。此計畫的前身為「發展國際一流大學及頂尖研究中心計畫」，前後期計畫之政策目標，是藉由大量經費之挹注，打造出接軌國際、立足世界，足以與世界一流大學媲美的頂尖大學。由於此政策將資源集中在少數特定的公立大學，因此引發的爭議不斷，故值得深入探究與分析。 本研究運用批判論述分析方法，藉由層層剖析、挖掘、揭露、質問與批判，深入到政策底層，以理解政策中核心理念、意識型態、權力/知識以及社會脈絡之間的關連因素，並分析不同利害關係人對於政策核心理念的詮釋，以瞭解意識型態與權力/知識對於政策論述的規訓方式，進而連結至更廣大的社會脈絡，以形構出高等教育場域中政策生成所涉及的複雜因素。 研究發現，政策核心理念是菁英主義思維下的產物，而其背後隱藏著「優勝劣敗」等意識型態，不僅造成頂尖大學與非頂尖大學之間的差距日益擴大，更讓弱勢學生在優勢階級強大的權力/知識作用力之下，遭致邊緣化等不利處境。 最後，本研究對於頂尖大學中的利害關係人、教育部以及頂尖大學政策的後續研究提出重要建議，以作為未來政策推動、執行與研究的重要參考。

The five-year, fifty-billion Stepping Towards Top University Plan is Taiwan’s most influential, significant and iconic policy in higher education of recent years. The precursor to the policy is the International Top University and Research Center Development Plan, and the general goal of the policies is to propel or re-establish certain Taiwanese universities as internationally prestigious top universities by providing large sums of funding. Since this policy has the consistently controversial tendency to concentrate the majority of resources on a specific few public universities, the policy warrants further investigation and analysis. Using critical discourse analysis, this study penetrates the very fabrics of the policy to its core through carefully composed examination, unearthing, questioning, uncovering and critique, in order to clarify the web of factors connecting the policy’s core concepts and ideology to the knowledge/power theory and the system of society. This study also examines different interpretations of the policy’s core concept by stakeholders in diverse positions, in order to understand the discipline of ideology and knowledge/power on the discourse of the policy; furthermore, this study connects the above to the larger system of society in order to bring into shape the complex factors pertaining to the formation of policies in the higher education arena. This study shows that the core concept of the policy is a product of elitism, and its hidden ideologies such as “survival of the fittest” have caused the exacerbating divide between top universities and other universities; furthermore, these ideologies also subject underprivileged students to disadvantageous positions and marginalization by placing them under the strong effects of the knowledge/power of the privileged class. Finally, this study provides significant suggestions for the stakeholders, the Ministry of Education, and scholars conducting further studies on the Stepping Towards Top University Plan, in order to provide important references for the promotion, execution and research of future policies.