于右任書法鑑識研究—以在台灣展出作品為例

Abstract

本文主要研究民國初年渡海時期的政治家、詩人及書家的于右任，關於他曾在台展出過的存世書法之真偽的鑑識。清末明初時的中國書風，混雜了乾嘉時期興起的碑學、考古發掘的文字歷史所興起的文字革命，以及西風東漸的東西交會氛圍。在這樣的背景中，于右任(1879-1964) 以其不同身份及時代背景、勤奮果敢的精神，造就他身為讀書人的自覺下，不朽的書法成就。光就存世贈予他人的書作，就據說不下五萬件。從考仕途到從事革命，蒐集碑學到研究歷代草書。因愛日省力，企圖在文字上做出變革，制定了「標準草書」，為中華民族圖謀一條生路。到最後，晚期人書俱老，世稱「于體」。于右任傳奇的一生，帶動書藝的變化與風骨留存。本研究試著從台灣展出的四場主要較為可信的于右任書法展中，建置成資料圖庫，整理于右任不同時期的書法風格，以列出有紀年之分期署名及書藝轉變之研究，嘗試讓真正的于右任能長久呈現在世人眼前，免受偽作淹沒。一二章首先談及于右任的生平事蹟及書藝時期。第三章開始，談及于右任書藝特色，以中末期風格特色為主，並分享目鑑之法。並於第五章作本次研究總結，拋磚引玉。This study focuses on Yu Youren (1879–1964), a prominent politician, poet, and calligrapher during the early years of the Republic of China, examining the authenticity of his extant calligraphic works that were once exhibited in Taiwan.In the late Qing and early Republican periods, Chinese calligraphy reflected a blend of diverse currents: the stele studies movement that had flourished during the Qianjia era, the “character revolution” inspired by epigraphic discoveries, and the cultural exchanges brought by the influx of Western ideas. Within this context, Yu Youren—shaped by his multiple identities, unique historical circumstances, and steadfast diligence—achieved an enduring legacy in calligraphy. It is said that he produced over fifty thousand inscribed works gifted to others. His journey ranged from preparing for the imperial examinations to engaging in revolutionary activities, from collecting steles to studying cursive script across dynasties. Motivated by a desire for efficiency in writing, he initiated a reform in Chinese script by creating the “Standard Cursive Script,” envisioning it as a means to revitalize the Chinese nation. In his later years, his distinctive style—widely known as the “Yu Style”—embodied the maturity of both the man and his art. His remarkable life left a lasting impact on the evolution and integrity of Chinese calligraphy.This research draws on four major, relatively reliable exhibitions of Yu Youren’s calligraphy held in Taiwan to compile a visual archive that categorizes his works by period. It examines his stylistic development over time, identifies dated inscriptions, and analyzes transformations in his artistic expression. The aim is to ensure that the authentic works of Yu Youren can be preserved in public view, safeguarded from being obscured by forgeries.Chapters One and Two discuss Yu’s life and the phases of his artistic career. Chapter Three explores his calligraphic characteristics, focusing primarily on the stylistic traits of his middle to late periods, and introduces methods of visual authentication. The study concludes in Chapter Five with a summary of findings, offering insights for future research.