大專公開一級男子籃球員在賽季期體能表現的變化：先發與替補球員的差異探討

Abstract

目的:探討大專公開一級男子籃球員，在賽季期間先發與替補球員於不同階段的體 能表現差異。方法:15名大專公開一級男子籃球員，賽季期進行24場比賽結束後，將最 多先發次數與上場時間球員定義先發 (n=5，每場平均上場時間為24.8 ± 2.8 分鐘)，其餘 則為替補球員 (n=10，每場平均上場時間為8.2 ± 7.0 分鐘)。賽季期共進行19週，參與者 每週進行1-2次阻力訓練，總計26次訓練，阻力訓練強度設定在80%1RM以上。所有球員 分別在賽季期三個階段進行體能測驗，體能測驗內容包含負重蹲舉、仰臥推舉、反向跳、 深蹲跳、20M衝刺、5-10-5、T-test敏捷、無氧動力等測驗。結果:無論是先發或替補球 員，在賽季期三個階段的負重蹲舉、仰臥推舉、反向跳、20M衝刺、5-10-5、T-test、疲 勞指數皆有顯著差異 (p<.05);其中，上下肢肌力表現、5-10-5與T-test隨著賽季期逐漸提 升;相反地，反向跳與20M衝刺則隨著賽季期逐漸下降，但先發與替補兩組別間在任何 階段上，體能表現皆無顯著差異 (p>.05)。結論:賽季期每週1-2次阻力訓練，強度設定 80%1RM以上可以提升運動員在肌力與敏捷表現，但無法維持爆發力表現。此外，先發 球員並不會受到上場時間較長的因素，導致在賽季期體能表現下降的情況。Purpose: To discuss the differences in the performance at different phases during a competitive season between starters and nonstarters of the university basketball association division I men's basketball players. Methods: 15 division I men's basketball players, after 24 games during a competitive season, were assigned to starters (n=5, average playing time on the game 24.8 ± 2.8 minutes), and nonstarters (n=10, average playing time on the game 8.2 ± 7.0 minutes). The season period was 19 weeks. All players performed resistance training 1-2 times per week, for a total of 26 training sessions. The resistance training intensity was set at above 80% 1RM. All players received performance tests during three phases of a competitive season, including back squats, bench press, countermovement jumps (CMJ), squat jumps, 20M sprints, 5-10-5, T-test agility, and anaerobic power. Results: whether starters or nonstarters, there were significant differences in the back squats, bench press, CMJ, 20M sprints, 5-10-5, T-test, and fatigue indexes during the three phases of a season (p<.05). The upper and lower body muscle strength, 5-10-5, and T-test significantly increased throughout the season. On the contrary, the CMJ and 20M sprint significantly decreased throughout the season. However, there was no significant difference in performance between starters and nonstarters at any phases (p>.05). Conclusions: It is effectively to improve the strength and agility of men’s basketball players by performing resistance training 1-2 times per week at intensity above 80% 1RM duringa competitive season. However, the power performance may not be able to be maintained. In addition, the performance of the starters may not be affected by the longer playing time during a competitive season.