路易斯·卡若爾的陰性書寫：《愛麗絲幻遊奇境》與《鏡中奇緣》中的女性意識

Abstract

英國著名作家路易斯．卡若爾（Lewis Carroll）於1865年及1871年，分別撰寫出《愛麗絲幻遊奇境》（Alice in Wonderland）與《鏡中奇緣》（Through the Looking Glass）兩部系列作品。書中主角愛麗絲在夢中跌進兔子洞後，經歷猶如女性發育的身體變化。當愛麗絲的身體改變，她的意識也隨之蛻變，開始批判不合理的父權論述，擺脫「家庭天使」的身分。之後，當愛麗絲進入鏡中世界後，她的女性意識已然奠定，轉化為「新女性」。在此值得探討的是，上述這兩部作品中，女性經驗與女性意識的聯繫為何？又身為男性的作家何以能撰寫女性經驗？本論文首先運用歷史文獻分析維多利亞時期的女性角色，並探討愛麗絲身體與意識建構的關聯，了解她自我的形塑過程。接著進一步討論卡若爾的書寫系統。卡若爾於作品中擴展語言詮釋意涵，並鬆動時空固有的概念，這樣的手法與陰性書寫精神相呼應。因此，本論文運用後現代女性主義的理論，探討卡若爾的書寫體系，並分析鏡中世界的樣貌。透過分析主角愛麗絲的轉變過程，和探討卡若爾的文字，以理解女性經驗與女性意識的建構過程，及說明男性撰寫女性經驗的正當性。

In 1865 and 1871, the well-known British writer Lewis Carroll wrote two masterpieces, Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. In Alice in Wonderland, the main character Alice falls into a rabbit-hole, and goes through several physical changes, which are similar to the physical development of a woman. When Alice’s body changes, her consciousness begins to change as well, and she stops obeying patriarchy discourse and discards the identity of “The Angel in the House”. Afterwards, in Through the Looking Glass, when Alice enters the Looking-Glass house, her female consciousness has become complete, and she has grown into a “New Woman”. The way Carroll depicts Alice’s physical experience leads to the question of what is the bond between female experience and female consciousness. Furthermore, how is it possible for a physically male writer to write the female experiences? To understand how Alice builds her self-identity, this thesis analyzes historical documents regarding women’s roles in the Victorian Age, and discusses how Alice’s body affects the formation of her self-consciousness. Then, the thesis focuses on Carroll’s writing system. Carroll expands the meaning of “signifier” and “signified”, and changes the rule of time-space in his work, both of which are close to the core value of Écriture feminine. Therefore, the thesis will have recourse to the theory of Postmodern Feminism to discuss the linguistic characteristics in Carroll’s works. To sum up, the thesis intends to understand the connection between female experience and female consciousness, and to explain what gives a male writer the right to depict the female experience.