都會婦女乳房攝影檢查行為意圖及相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究旨在調查年齡介於45-69歲間之都會婦女接受乳房攝影檢查行為意圖的現況，並探討其與個人背景變項、乳癌防治知識、社會心理變項及行動線索的相關性。以臺北市中正區東門里、文北里、龍興里三個里的婦女為母群體，採方便取樣方式和自編結構式問卷為工具蒐集所需資料，最後得有效樣本240人，再採t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關與多元線性迴歸分析進行統計。研究主要結果如下： 一、研究對象在未來兩年接受乳房攝影檢查行為意圖介於「有些可能」和「非常可能」之間。 二、有乳癌疾病史、曾做過乳房自我檢查、乳房觸診、乳房超音波或乳房攝影者，乳房攝影檢查行為意圖較強。 三、研究對象的乳癌防治知識中上（11.3分/滿分17分），且與乳房攝影檢查行為意圖呈正相關。 四、研究對象的行動利益頗高而行動障礙偏低、自我效能在中上程度，社會支持偏正向。當行動障礙越少、自我效能越高、社會支持越高，接受乳房攝影檢查行為意圖越強。 五、研究對象乳房攝影檢查的行動線索達四項以上，但以外在線索為多，且與行為意圖呈正相關，顯示行動線索越多，乳房攝影檢查行為意圖越強。 六、個人背景變項、乳房防治知識、社會心理變項和行動線索等四類變項，可解釋研究對象乳房攝影檢查行為意圖總變異量的40.1%，其中顯著的預測變項是年齡、疾病史、自我效能及社會支持。 本研究建議提升都會婦女的自我效能和社會支持，並針對從未接受乳房檢查和無乳房病史者進行衛生教育宣導，以增強其乳房攝影檢查行為意圖。

The purpose of this study was to survey the behavioral intention of mammography and its related factors among aged 45-69 urban women. By using convenience sampling, 240 women were selected from three Vil. of Zhongzheng District in Taipei. Data was analyzed by t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. The behavioral intention of taking mammography in two years among the subjects was between somewhat possible and very possible. 2. The behavioral intention of those who had breast diseases, did breast self-examination, received breast palpation, breast ultrasound, or mammography was higher than their counterparts. 3. The knowledge of breast cancer prevention among the subjects was above average. It was positively associated with the behavioral intention of mammography. 4. The subjects’ perceived benefits and social support were high, the self-efficacy was above average, but the perceived barriers were low. The higher the self-efficacy and social support, the higher the behavioral intention of mammography. But, the lower the perceived barriers, the higher the behavioral intention of mammography. 5. The cues of action among the subjects were more than four. Moreover, it was positively associated with the behavioral intentions of mammography. 6. Totally, 40.1% of the variance of behavioral intention of mammography was explained by social demographic variables, knowledge of breast cancer, psychosocial variables, and cues of action. Self-efficacy, social support, age, and history of breast diseases were the significant predictors. We suggest that self-efficacy and social support of urban women should be enhanced, and health promotion programs for those who never take mammography and have no breast diseases are needed.