我國國中學生政治態度之研究---以台南縣為例
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2007
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本研究旨在探討現階段台南縣縣立國中學生之政治態度傾向，以期對國中學生之政治態度的學習有所裨益。本研究以台南縣縣立國中學生九年級學生為研究對象，採分層叢集取樣的方式，抽取16所學校、29個班級，共1019名國中學生為有效研究樣本；以問卷調查的方式探討「政治態度」（包括國家認同、政治信任感、政治功效意識、政治疏離感、政治參與傾向、民主素養）之現況；檢定不同個人背景因素（性別、父母族群、家庭社經地位、班級幹部經驗、每週收看新聞次數、父母管教方式、教師教學方式）政治態度之差異；政治態度各面向之相關；個人背景因素對政治態度的預測力。
研究者探討國內外相關研究之文獻，建立本研究的理論架構，並參考相關量表，改編成「國中學生政治態度」調查問卷做為研究工具，進行實證研究。調查所得資料分別採用次數分配表、描述性統計量、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、逐步多元迴歸分析等統計方法，進行各項檢驗。
本研究之主要發現如下：
1.現階段台南縣國中學生之政治態度呈現積極、正向的反應。
2.現階段台南縣國中學生之政治功效意識、政治參與傾向、民主素養傾向於積極、正向，而國家認同感、政治信任感、政治疏離感（政治疏離感分量表得分愈高，疏離感愈低）則不高。
3.不同性別之國中學生，其政治態度無顯著差異。
4.不同父親族群之國中學生，其政治態度有顯著差異。
5.不同母親族群之國中學生，其政治態度有顯著差異。
6.不同父母社經地位之國中學生，其政治態度無顯著差異。
7.擔任班級幹部次數不同的國中學生，其政治態度有顯著差異。
8.每週收看新聞次數不同的學生，其政治態度無顯著差異。
9.不同父母管教方式的國中學生，其政治態度有顯著差異。
10.不同教師教學方式的國中學生，其政治態度有顯著差異。
11.「國家認同感」與「政治參與傾向」之間呈顯著正相關；「政治信任感」與「政治功效意識」、「政治參與傾向」呈顯著正相關；「政治功效意識」與「政治參與傾向」、「民主素養」呈顯著正相關；「民主素養」與「政治功效意識」、「政治參與傾向」呈顯著正相關。
12.「父母管教方式」、「班級幹部經驗」、「父親族群」、「教師教學方式」等四個變項，可共同解釋及預測台南縣國中學生政治態度的總變異量為24.5%。
根據以上結果，本研究提出如下建議，以供參考。
1. 革除陋習，加強品德與專業能力
2. 促進族群平等，凝聚群體共識
3. 培養學生關心社會與政治事務的態度
4. 推廣親職教育
5. 培養民主教學態度
6. 鼓勵學生擔任幹部
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the political attitudes of junior high school students in Tainan County,hoping that this study would benefit the learning of political attitude to junior high school students. The subjects of this study were the 9th grade high school students in Tainan County and the sampling method was stratified cluster sampling method . The 1019 students from sixteen schools,twenty-nine classes were sampled as effect samples. The questionnaire was used to evaluate recent political attitudes（including the sense of nation identity,the sense of political trust,the sense of political efficacy,the sense of political alienation,political participatory disposition, democratical equipment）;investigate the differences in political attitude from differing backgrounds (gender, ethnic group,family’s socio-economic status, staff experience, frequency of watching news per week,parenting style,teachers’ teaching style);examine relationships between each aspects of political attitudes;and if differing backgrounds showed significantly predictive power for the political attitudes. The questionnaire was constructed with reference to a review of related literature and was developed by the researcher.The data were analyzed by frequency distribution, descriptive statistics analysis, independent-samples t-test, Pearson product-moment correlation , and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The main findings of this thesis were as follows： 1.The political attitudes of junior high school students in Tainan County were positive. 2.The sense of political efficacy, political participatory disposition,and democratical equipment were positive. The sense of nation identity,the sense of political trust,and the sense of political alienation were less positive. 3. There was no significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different genders. 4. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different father’s ethnic group. 5. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different mother’s ethnic group. 6. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different family’s socio-economic status. 7. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different staff experience. 8. There was no significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different frequency of watching news per week. 9. There was no significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different parenting styles. 10. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different teachers’ teaching styles. 11. There was a significant positive relationship between the sense of nation identity and political participatory disposition;a significant positive relationship between the sense of political efficacy and political participatory disposition;a significant positive relationship between the sense of political efficacy and political participatory disposition and democratical equipment;a significant positive relationship between democratical equipment and political efficacy and political participatory disposition. 12. The variable of parentting style, class saff experience, father’s ethnic group, and teachers’ teaching style could predicate 24.5% political attitudes of junior high school students in Tainan County. Based on the quantitative data analysis, the major findings of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Forsake abuses,enforce morality and professional ability. 2. Promote equality of ethnic groups,cohere common consensus. 3. Cultivate attitudes of caring about social and political affairs. 4. Popularize parent education. 5. Cultivate democratic teaching attitude. 6. Encourage students to take class leaders.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the political attitudes of junior high school students in Tainan County,hoping that this study would benefit the learning of political attitude to junior high school students. The subjects of this study were the 9th grade high school students in Tainan County and the sampling method was stratified cluster sampling method . The 1019 students from sixteen schools,twenty-nine classes were sampled as effect samples. The questionnaire was used to evaluate recent political attitudes（including the sense of nation identity,the sense of political trust,the sense of political efficacy,the sense of political alienation,political participatory disposition, democratical equipment）;investigate the differences in political attitude from differing backgrounds (gender, ethnic group,family’s socio-economic status, staff experience, frequency of watching news per week,parenting style,teachers’ teaching style);examine relationships between each aspects of political attitudes;and if differing backgrounds showed significantly predictive power for the political attitudes. The questionnaire was constructed with reference to a review of related literature and was developed by the researcher.The data were analyzed by frequency distribution, descriptive statistics analysis, independent-samples t-test, Pearson product-moment correlation , and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The main findings of this thesis were as follows： 1.The political attitudes of junior high school students in Tainan County were positive. 2.The sense of political efficacy, political participatory disposition,and democratical equipment were positive. The sense of nation identity,the sense of political trust,and the sense of political alienation were less positive. 3. There was no significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different genders. 4. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different father’s ethnic group. 5. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different mother’s ethnic group. 6. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different family’s socio-economic status. 7. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different staff experience. 8. There was no significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different frequency of watching news per week. 9. There was no significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different parenting styles. 10. There was a significant difference on the political attitudes of students between different teachers’ teaching styles. 11. There was a significant positive relationship between the sense of nation identity and political participatory disposition;a significant positive relationship between the sense of political efficacy and political participatory disposition;a significant positive relationship between the sense of political efficacy and political participatory disposition and democratical equipment;a significant positive relationship between democratical equipment and political efficacy and political participatory disposition. 12. The variable of parentting style, class saff experience, father’s ethnic group, and teachers’ teaching style could predicate 24.5% political attitudes of junior high school students in Tainan County. Based on the quantitative data analysis, the major findings of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Forsake abuses,enforce morality and professional ability. 2. Promote equality of ethnic groups,cohere common consensus. 3. Cultivate attitudes of caring about social and political affairs. 4. Popularize parent education. 5. Cultivate democratic teaching attitude. 6. Encourage students to take class leaders.
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Keywords
政治社會化, 政治態度, 九年級國中學生, political socialization, political attitude, the 9th junior high student