保護區政策政治生態學分析——以板新給水廠水質水量保護區為例

Abstract

本研究旨在以政治生態學的視角，分析台灣板新給水廠水質水量保護區的政策制定與執行過程，進而探討保護區設立對水資源治理、生態保育以及地方居民生活所造成的多重影響。隨著台灣社會對環境保護與飲用水安全的關注日益提高，水質水量保護區作為保障原水品質的重要制度工具，其設立已成為國家政策中的核心措施之一。然而，在實務操作層面，仍面臨工業污染、農業發展、土地開發限制與在地居民生計衝突等問題，顯示現行制度存在政策推動與在地居民實際間的落差。本研究採用文獻分析、田野參與觀察、問卷調查等研究方法，針對鳶山堰水庫及其集水區內的居民進行實地調查，深入理解居民對保護區政策的認知、態度。研究結果顯示，雖多數居民支持保護區的環保初衷，卻對管理措施感到疏離，尤其是缺乏溝通與補償機制，使得社區在政策執行過程中逐漸邊緣化。地方巡守制度的執行也令幫地居民知道雖有看到巡守隊，但也面臨人力與資源不足，導致政策效果不彰。本研究希望指出水質水量保護政策能否有效落實，必需回應在地生計需求，強化橫向協調與縱向治理能力，並納入社區參與機制與環境教育，方能兼顧水資源保育與地方永續發展。研究亦從政治生態學視角反思環境治理中的權力結構與資源分配不均現象，作為未來政策調整的重要參考依據。This study adopts a political ecology perspective to analyze the policy formulation and implementation processes of the Water Quality and Quantity Protection Area surrounding the Banxin Water Treatment Plant in Taiwan. It further explores the multifaceted impacts that the establishment of such protection areas has on water resource governance, ecological conservation, and the livelihoods of local communities. As public awareness of environmental protection and drinking water safety continues to grow in Taiwan, these protection zones have become a core policy instrument to safeguard raw water quality. However, in practice, challenges persist—including industrial pollution, agricultural development pressures, land-use restrictions, and conflicts with local livelihoods—highlighting a disconnect between policy intentions and grassroots realities.Using methods such as literature review, participant observation, and questionnaire surveys, this research conducts fieldwork among residents within the catchment area of the Yanshan Weir. The findings reveal that while most residents support the environmental goals of the protection area, they feel alienated by its management, particularly due to the lack of communication and compensation mechanisms. Moreover, although local patrol systems are in place, residents are aware that these teams face manpower and resource shortages, which hinder the policy’s overall effectiveness.This study argues that the successful implementation of water protection policies must respond to local livelihood needs, enhance both horizontal coordination and vertical governance capacities, and incorporate community participation mechanisms and environmental education. From a political ecology standpoint, it also reflects on the unequal distribution of power and resources in environmental governance, offering critical insights for future policy revisions.