增強式、彈震式及混合熱身對衝刺生物力學及表現的急性影響

Abstract

noneBackground: Plyometric and ballistic exercises are popular in sprint training due to their well-known long-term benefits. However, researchers debate the acute effects of such exercises when integrated into warm-up routines. Purpose: This study aimed to distinguish the effects of plyometric, ballistic, and mixed warm-up strategies on sprint performance in individuals with different performance levels. Method: 15 sprinters and 15 non-sprinters completed traditional, ballistic, plyometric, and mixed (ballistic-plyometric) warm-ups before a 40-meter sprint test on four days in randomized order. Sprint times were recorded at 10, 20, 30, and 40 meters. Spatiotemporal and kinematics data were recorded at the start and 40 meters. A validated spreadsheet estimated force-velocity variables based on time intervals. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA assessed the effects of groups and warm-ups. Result: No significant differences in sprint performance (p = .82–.92, pη2= .01–.02), kinetic (p = .48–.64, pη2= .03–.06), and kinematics (p = .16–.99, pη2=.01–.12) were found between warm-ups. However, group differences were observed in sprint performances (p< .001, pη2= .59–.74), contact time at the first step and maximum-speed sprinting (p < .001, pη2= .59–.75), flight time at the first step (p < .001, pη2= .61), maximum horizontal power output (p = .003, pη2= .48), and maximum speed (p < .001, pη2= .79). Conclusion: Plyometric, ballistic, and mixed warm-up protocols appear to produce neglectable improvements in sprint performance compared to traditional warm-up. Future research should rigorously control for variables and systematically vary conditioning intensity to determine whether appropriately dosed interventions can elicit true PAPE effects or should be discounted for sprint enhancement.