我國私立高級中等學校退場雙軌制下師生權益問題之探討－以台北市某私立高中為例

Abstract

臺灣少子女化趨勢加劇，使私立學校面臨招生困難與退場問題。然而，現行私校退場機制採雙軌制，導致師生權益保障存在諸多挑戰與不確定性。本研究以台北市一所私立完全中學（OO中學）為個案，探討其在退場過程中師生權益保障的問題、挑戰、應對措施及改進空間，並提出政策建議，以完善退場機制。本研究採質性研究法，透過文件分析、半結構式訪談與焦點團體座談，針對教育主管機關官員、學校行政人員、教師、學生及家長，深入探討學校退場過程中師生權益保障的現況與挑戰。結果顯示，教師層面面臨慰助金與資遣費保障不一、再就業困難與心理調適壓力；學生層面則遭遇升學選擇受限、教師流動影響學習品質及心理適應問題。此外，法規不明確、學校與家長溝通不足、教育主管機關輔導不足等因素，進一步加劇退場困境。為應對上述問題，個案學校採取教師媒合、課程保障、心理輔導及家長溝通等措施，但成效受限。針對改進空間，本研究建議：(1) 明確法規－界定「停招」與「停辦」標準，確保師生權益；(2) 建立教師轉職機制－設立媒合平台，降低失業風險；(3) 強化學生升學保障－提供多元輔導，確保學籍銜接；(4) 改善家長溝通－提升資訊透明度，降低不安與衝突；(5) 加強教育主管機關監督－提供退場學校指引與財務支援，以降低對師生的影響。本研究結果可為政府與教育機構提供政策參考，並為私校因應少子女化挑戰與退場機制改革提供實證依據。The declining birth rate in Taiwan has intensified challenges for private schools, leading to difficulties in student recruitment and school closures. However, the current dual-track closure mechanism for private schools creates various challenges and uncertainties in safeguarding teacher and student rights. This study examines a private comprehensive high school in Taipei (OO High School) as a case study to explore the issues, challenges, and coping strategies regarding the protection of teacher and student rights during the school closure process. It further identifies areas for improvement and proposes policy recommendations to enhance the closure mechanism.This study adopts a qualitative research approach, incorporating document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with government education officials, school administrators, teachers, students, and parents to gain an in-depth understanding of the current situation and challenges in protecting teacher and student rights during school closures. The findings reveal that teachers face discrepancies in severance pay and compensation, employment difficulties, and psychological adaptation pressures. Meanwhile, students encounter limited educational pathways, disruptions in learning due to teacher turnover, and psychological adaptation issues. Additionally, unclear regulations, inadequate school-parent communication, and insufficient government support further exacerbate the challenges of school closures.To address these issues, the case school implemented measures such as teacher employment matching, curriculum continuity, psychological counseling, and enhanced communication with parents. However, the effectiveness of these measures remains limited. This study proposes the followingpolicy recommendations to improve the closure mechanism:1. Clarify regulations – Establish clear criteria for school suspend enrollment and closure to ensure teacher and student rights.2. Develop a teacher transition system – Establish an employment matching platform to reduce the risk of teacher unemployment.3. Enhance student educational support – Provide diversified academic counseling and ensure smooth student transfers.4. Improve communication with parents – Increase transparency of information to reduce anxiety and conflicts.5. Strengthen government oversight – Offer clearer guidelines and financial support to closing schools to minimize the impact on teachers and students.The findings of this study provide policy insights for the government and educational institutions while offering empirical evidence for reforming the closure mechanism of private schools in response to the challenges of declining birth rates.