大阿里山地區咖啡農因應氣候變遷之調適行為意圖研究

Abstract

本研究以嘉義大阿里山地區咖啡農為對象，探討其面對氣候變遷的風險感知與調適意圖，並分析影響其行動考量的關鍵因素。研究採計畫行為理論（TPB）與保護動機理論（PMT）為分析架構，透過深度訪談與主題分析，梳理農民在實務經驗中發展出的調適限制條件與思考的心理歷程。結果顯示，受訪者普遍提及降雨季節延後與病蟲害加劇等問題，並多仰賴既有經驗動態調整田間管理。部分農民指出設備與技術資源需自籌，補助申請流程繁瑣，為調適行動帶來實質阻力。主觀規範影響不顯著，農政單位的宣導課程為主要資訊來源。此外，多數農民認為競爭激烈的市場壓力比氣候變遷更具迫切性，成為主要的經營挑戰。因此，農政部門應提出兼具經濟與調適效益的策略，以提高政策實用性與可行性。整體而言，咖啡農的調適意圖與行為建構於氣候風險感知、資源條件與社會脈絡的交織作用下，呈現出具產業特性、在地特色的調適樣態。本研究結合TPB與PMT理論的分析構面，可以彌補單一理論的侷限，強化對農民調適行為與意圖的整體理解，研究結果可作為我國農政單位規劃咖啡產業氣候變遷調適政策參考，特別是需考量產業特性與在地特色。This study investigated the risk perception and adaptation intentions (behaviors) of coffee farmers in the Alishan area of Chiayi County in the context of climate change, and analyzed the key factors influencing their decision-making. The in-depth interviews and thematic analysis were used to examine the practical constraints and psychological processes shaping farmers’adaptive intentions and behaviors based on an integrated framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT).The results show that most respondents mentioned climate-related changes such as delayed rainfall seasons and intensified pest outbreaks, and they tended to rely on their existing experience to make adjustments in field management. Some farmers indicated that the need to self-fund equipment and the complexity of subsidy applications posed substantial barriers to adaptation. Subjective norms appeared to have limited influence, while agricultural extension programs serving as the primary source of information. Additionally, many farmers perceived intense market competition as a more serious challenge than climate change itself. Hence, the agricultural authorities should develop the climate change adaptation strategies that can result in both substantial economic and adaptive benefits for farmers to enhance the feasibility of adaptation strategies.Overall, coffee farmers’adaptation intentions (behaviors) are shaped by the interplay of climate risk perception, available resources, and sociocultural context, and their adaptation intentions (behaviors) have special coffee industry characteristics and local characteristics. By employing an integrated framework of TPB and PMT, this study can offer a more comprehensive understanding of farmers’adaptive intentions (behaviors) and reduce the limitations of a single-theory approach. The final results can aid the agricultural authorities to develop more pragmatic climate change adaptation policies in terms of coffee industry and local characteristics.