原鄉地區的露營區發展與影響：以苗栗縣泰安鄉南三村為例

Abstract

隨著露營風氣的盛行，原鄉地區的土地利用也跟著有所改變，露營區成為原鄉地區最常見的新地景。然而，原鄉地區的露營區發展，卻被外界普遍認為是在濫墾山林、破壞環境。對此，原住民族人作為在地的土地實踐者，其觀點與主體性亦值得被關注，筆者好奇的是，原鄉地區的土地利用，由農作物種植轉變為露營區經營的背景為何？原住民族人的土地實踐，在農業及非農業經營上有何異同？露營區的發展，又會對原鄉地區帶來哪些層面的影響？ 為了解決上述的問題，本研究選擇苗栗縣泰安鄉南三村（士林村、象鼻村、梅園村）作為研究區域，透過文獻整理、實地調查與訪談等方法，進行資料蒐集與分析，以探討原鄉地區的露營區發展及其帶來之影響。研究成果如下：一、露營區發展之前，南三村的農業土地利用，多是集約、以市場為導向的經營型態。但是，當原住民族人的農業經營面臨困境，使其難以透過土地獲得足夠的收益時，他們便會將土地閒置、荒廢，或是私下承租、賣給非原住民。二、近年來，南三村的露營區快速發展，經營者大多為退休的原住民公教人員。他們具有較多的資本，可達到露營區的經營門檻，又因長期在外任職，農業知識與經驗有限，體力也較難以負荷農事工作，因而將土地轉型為露營區。三、露營區發展能帶來經濟效益，且原住民族人會以傳統的土地知識，維持人與地的和諧關係。若能在國家土地法規上給予協助，有助於原住民回鄉經營土地、減少原住民族土地流失現象，也才有機會展現土地「集體權」的性質。With the prevalence of camping, the land use in indigenous areas has also been changed. The campsites have become the most common new landscapes in indigenous areas. However, the development of campsites in indigenous areas is generally considered to be an indiscriminate cultivation of forests and a damage to the environment. In this regard, indigenous peoples as local land practitioners, their views and subjectivity are also worthy of attention. The author wonders what the background of the change of land use in indigenous areas is from crop cultivation to camping area operation? What are the similarities and differences between the indigenous peoples' land practices in agricultural and non-agricultural operation? What impacts will the development of campsites have in indigenous areas? In order to solve the above problems, this study chose the Three Southern Villages (Shilin Village, Xiangbi Village, Meiyuan Village) in Tai'an Township, Miaoli County as the research area. Then, this study collected and analyzed data through the methods of document collation, field research and interview, to explore the development and influence of campsites in indigenous areas. Results are as follows:1. Before the development of the campsites, the indigenous land use in the Three Southern Villages was mostly intensive and market-oriented. However, when the indigenous people face difficulties in agricultural operations, making it difficult for them to obtain sufficient income from the land, they will leave the land idle, abandoned, or privately lease or sell it to non-indigenous people.2. In recent years, the campsites in the Three Southern Villages have developed rapidly, and the operators are mostly retired indigenous civil servants. They have more capital and can reach the operating threshold of campsites, and because they have been working outside for a long time, they have limited agricultural knowledge and experience, and their physical strengths are more difficult to carry out agricultural works, so they convert the lands into campsites.3. The development of campsites can bring economic benefits, and the indigenous people will use traditional land knowledge to maintain a harmonious relationship between people and land. If we can provide assistance in national land regulations, it will help the indigenous people return to their hometowns to manage their land and reduce the loss of indigenous land. In this way, indigenous land will have the opportunity to show the nature of collective rights.