應用可攜式GC-FID連續分析監測大氣環境甲烷及工業區VOCs之研究

Abstract

在工業快速的發展下，環境汙染的問題逐漸的受到關注，其中揮發性有機化合物（Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs）常常存在於工廠或是工業區甚至出現在我們所居住的城市中，同時也是光化學反應中二次有機氣溶膠(Secondary Organic Aerosol, SOA)之前驅物亦是生成臭氧(O3)及PM2.5過程的汙染物之一，然而除了境外汙染源的因素外，該如何確認及控管國內的揮發性有機化合物之排放並降低其對人民及勞工健康影響的課題是非常重要且刻不容緩的。 本實驗室開發的可攜式氣相層析儀(portable GC-FID)結合了三段式吸附劑前濃縮管裝置之方法且成功應用於台南市的工業園區之揮發性有機化合物連續監測，本研究所訂定的目標揮發性有機化合物為台南市環保局所提供的14種揮發性有機化合物以及甲烷，而環保局所提供的14種揮發性有機化合物中常常使用於化學製程、半導體科技產業等或汽機車尾氣排放等移動性污染源當中，並結合當地附近之空氣品質測站之氣象資料及後續的統計分析可以幫助分析人員初步判斷汙染的來源，在進行44小時連續監測的結果顯示其揮發性有機化合物濃度介於0.5 ~ 34.8 ppb，甲烷則介於3.2 ~ 5.3 ppm，然而，這些偵測濃度遠低於現行標準規範，希望在未來能進行更長時間之連續監測，可以快速獲得大量環境分析數據，接著利用統計分析輔助判斷可能的汙染源，並找出相對應的產業作為管理空氣污染的參考。另外該方法也可以提醒該環境下的人民或工作人員是否處於高濃度汙染風險環境中。現行法規中雖然已明確規定許多固定汙染源的空氣汙染物之排放標準，但甲烷以及乙苯目前尚未明確的規範。In the rapid development of industry, the problem of environmental pollution has gradually attracted attention. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are often found in factories or industrial areas, even in the cities where we live, and also in photochemistry. The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursor in the reaction is also one of the pollutants in the process of generating ozone (O3) and PM2.5. However, in addition to the factors of overseas pollution sources, how to confirm and control the domestic The issue of emissions of volatile organic compounds and their impact on the health of people and workers is very important and urgent. The portable gas chromatograph (portable GC-FID) developed by our laboratory combines the three-stage sorbent pre-concentration tube device method and is successfully applied to the continuous monitoring of volatile organic compounds in the industrial park of Tainan City. The target VOC set by the Institute is 14 kinds of volatile organic compounds and methane provided by the Tainan Environmental Protection Bureau. The 14 VOCs provided by the Environmental Protection Agency are often used in the chemical process, the semiconductor technology industry, or the mobility of automobile exhaust emissions. Among the pollutants, combined with the meteorological data of the nearby air quality station and subsequent statistical analysis, the analyst can help the preliminary judgment of the source of the pollution. The results of continuous monitoring for 44 hours show that the concentration of volatile organic compounds is between 0.5 ~ 34.8 ppb, methane is between 3.2 and 5.3 ppm. However, these detection concentrations are much lower than the current standard specifications. It is hoped that continuous monitoring will be carried out for a longer period of time, and a large amount of environmental analysis data can be quickly obtained, and then statistical analysis is used. Identify possible sources of pollution and identify corresponding industries as a reference for managing air pollution. In addition, the method also can alert people or staff in this environment is in a high risk environment pollution concentration. Although current regulations have clearly defined emission standards for air pollutants from many stationary sources, methane and ethylbenzene are not yet clearly defined.