復水溶液對跆拳道運動員脫水後生理指標與運動表現之影響

Abstract

背景：根據調查跆拳道選手在賽前會以運動脫水的方式來降低5%以上的體重，以達到參賽量級的體重標準。但當脫水閾值達2%以上開始會影響運動表現，且再加上現今賽程型態緊湊，過磅後恢復時間被縮短，因此如何提升其水分恢復速度，讓選手在賽前恢復至脫水前的狀態，是值得探討的議題。目的：本研究將探討復水溶液（oral rehydration solution, ORS）對跆拳道運動員運動脫水後生理指標與運動表現的影響。方法：招募6名年滿18歲以上且訓練年齡10年以上之男性跆拳道運動員，所有受試者分別進行3次2.5%體重的運動脫水後，依平衡次序法進行復水溶液（ORS）、葡萄糖水（GLU）與純水（PW）的實驗處理，每次處理分別增補150%的脫水容量，3次處理皆間隔七天。受試者在運動脫水前、運動脫水後立即、復水中、復水後及1小時恢復期後進行生理指標檢測。同時，在實驗前、後分別進行運動表現測試。所得數據以重複量數二因子變異數分析進行相關考驗。結果：補充ORS、GLU、PW三組溶液後生理指標及運動表現與RPE均無顯著差異。結論：跆拳道運動員在運動脫水2.5%體重後進行ORS的補充，並不會使其生理指標及運動表現有較佳的恢復效果；但能在脫水後3小時內適時補充溶液，仍能使其生理指標有所恢復，甚至能達到脫水前的狀態。Background: According to a survey, taekwondo athletes will reduce their body weight by more than 5% by dehydration before the competition, so as to match the weight standard of the competition class. However, when the dehydration threshold exceeds 2%, it will affect sports performance. In addition, the current competition schedule is compact, and the recovery time after weighing is shortened. Therefore, how to improve the water recovery speed and let the players return to the state before dehydration before the competition, is a topic worthy of discussion. Objective: In this study, we will investigate the effects of oral rehydration solution (ORS) on physiological parameters and performance in Taekwondo athletes after active dehydration. Methods: Six male university taekwondo athletes were recruited. All subjects were dehydrated by exercise at 2.5% body weight for 3 times respectively, and were treated with rehydration solution (ORS), glucose water (GLU) and pure water (PW) according to the equilibrium sequence method. During the experimental treatment, 150% of the dehydration capacity was added within 3 hours after dehydration, and a 7-day interval was required between each treatment. Physiological parameters were detected before dehydration, immediately after dehydration, after rehydration, after rehydration, and after a 1-hour recovery period. In addition, performance tests were also conducted before and after the experiment. The data obtained were tested by repeated measured two-way ANOVA. Results: There was no significant difference in physiological parameters and performance after supplementation of ORS, GLU and PW solutions. Conclusion: The supplement of ORS to Taekwondo athletes after dehydration of 2.5% body weight will not have a better recovery effect on their physiological parameters and performance. However, the solution can be replenished timely within 3 hours after dehydration, and the physiological parameters can still be recovered, even reaching the state before dehydration.