臺、美歌唱節目評審讚美與批評策略研究—以《聲林之王》和《American Idol》為例

Abstract

歌唱節目的興起促進了東、西方的跨文化對話，然而觀察評審的評價方式，可發現其語用策略並未完全符合東、西方文化的既定印象。此跨文化策略差異亦凸顯了語用教學的重要性。本研究旨在透過分析臺灣與美國歌唱節目評審的讚美與批評策略，確認其是否體現東、西方社會文化特徵，亦檢視社會地位與距離和性別角色對評審策略使用的影響，期望為華語學習者提供跨文化溝通的參考。本研究採用語料庫分析法，以臺灣《聲林之王》第三季與美國《American Idol》第十九季評審對選手的評價內容作為語料來源。透過量化統計與質化分析，將語料分類為明示型與含蓄型的讚美及批評策略，深入探討臺、美評審的策略運用。研究發現在讚美策略上，臺灣評審偏好明示型策略，美國則主要使用含蓄型策略，但兩方在子策略類型上皆以明示型和含蓄型評價策略為主。在批評策略上，臺、美評審皆偏好含蓄型策略，但在子策略類型上臺灣評審主要使用明示型陳述問題策略，美國則偏好含蓄型建議策略。整體而言，兩方評審皆以讚美策略為主，評價主題集中於選手的「表現/能力」。研究結果亦顯示文化與社會特徵、社會地位與距離及性別角色等因素對評審策略使用的影響有限，禮貌原則和電視節目性質才是影響評審策略使用的關鍵因素，此發現為跨文化語用研究開拓新的思考方向。研究成果亦轉化為華語教學實踐，透過融入歌唱節目元素的教學設計，培養學習者在多元情境中運用適當讚美與批評策略的能力，增進跨文化溝通效能。The emergence of singing shows has facilitated cross-cultural communication between Eastern and Western cultures. Yet observing how Eastern and Western judges evaluate contestants' performances reveals that their pragmatic strategy use does not entirely conform to conventional impressions of Eastern and Western cultures. This significant cross-cultural pragmatic strategy difference highlights the importance of pragmatic instruction, as Chinese language learners who cannot appropriately employ pragmatic strategies often experience communication misunderstandings. This study aims to analyze compliment and criticism strategies used by Taiwanese and American singing competition show judges to determine whether they reflect Eastern and Western socio-cultural characteristics, and examine the influence of cultural and social characteristics, social status and distance, and gender factors on judges' strategy selection, hoping to provide cross-cultural pragmatic communication references for Chinese language learners. This study employs corpus-based analysis methodology, using the third season of Taiwan’s Jungle Voice and the nineteenth season of America’s American Idol as data sources, collecting evaluation discourse from regular judges regarding contestants’ performances. Based on Lin’s (2020) strategy classification framework, the research categorizes data into explicit and implicit compliment and criticism strategies, and through quantitative and qualitative analysis, establishes a comprehensive strategy classification system to deeply explore the specific strategic differences between Taiwanese and American judges. The findings reveal that for compliment strategies, Taiwanese judges prefer explicit compliment strategies while American judges primarily use implicit compliment strategies. However, in terms of sub-strategy types, both mainly employ “explicit strategies” and “implicit evaluation strategies”. For criticism strategies, both Taiwanese and American judges prefer implicit criticism strategies, but in terms of sub-strategy types, Taiwanese judges mainly use “explicit statement of problem strategies” while American judges favor “implicit suggestion strategies”. Overall, both sides predominantly employ compliment strategies, with evaluation topics focusing on contestants’ “performance/ability” rather than “appearance/possession.” The research results show that factors such as cultural and social characteristics, social status and distance, and gender have relatively limited effects on judges’ strategy selection, with situational context being the key factor determining judges’ strategy use. This finding offers a new perspective on cross-cultural pragmatic research.The research findings have been applied to Chinese language teaching practice. Through instructional designs incorporating singing competition show elements, learners can develop the ability to appropriately employ compliment and criticism strategies in diverse contexts, enhancing cross-cultural communication effectiveness.