尤求人物畫研究
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2015
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本文從尤求的人物畫作品出發，首先從目前歸於尤求名下的作品歸納出其標準品範圍，再分別從其人物形象、構圖、筆描特色與藝術手法切入，進行風格分析，逐步釐清屬於尤求個人的風格特色，並具體呈現出尤求藝術特色及師承淵源與轉折，深入分析尤求與仇英之間具體存在的聯繫。經本文研究，尤求主要奠基於吳門畫家沈周、文徵明以及仇英，之後轉而關注南京白描人物畫家杜堇吳偉等人，而這與其贊助人王世貞的藝術傾向有密切的關係。
本文透過贊助人王世貞所留下的文集的紀錄，探索尤求的畫家生涯。從王世貞對待尤求的態度發現兩人間存在多層次的關係。尤求從長洲移居至太倉後，王世貞不僅作為其主要贊助者，同時也提拔尤求，將他介紹給太倉文藝圈中的文人與畫家，拓寬了尤求的太倉交遊圈，尤求與王世貞亦維持著長期書畫合作的關係，而通過多次的委託與合作，王世貞在尤求的創作生涯中產生很大的影響，尤求繪製的作品呈現出符合王世貞的藝術傾向與審美標準的傾向。王世貞的畫論中經常述及以古代畫家為典範的相關內容，而針對以白描畫創作為主的尤求，王世貞則希望他能以顧愷之、李公麟與趙孟頫為學習對象。因此，本文亦爬梳明中晚期人們對於白描畫的認知與各種看法，尤其聚焦於王世貞文藝圈眾人的說法來看尤求白描藝術在當時可能佔有的地位及其追隨的傳統。
王世貞曾委託尤求繪製不少作品，而其中收入家藏的多為白描長卷敘事畫，且內容以描繪女子艷情故事為主，〈漢宮春曉圖〉就是其中之一。經王世貞提供豐富的文學典故知識，尤求將東漢伶玄《趙飛燕外傳》故事中的高潮起伏一一具體呈現，並且加以宋代秦醇《趙飛燕別傳》中對於飛燕合德宮廷物質生活豐富的描述，繪製成精彩的敘事長卷。尤求的白描長卷敘事畫在此後蘇州職業畫壇亦佔有重要的地位，16世紀晚期至17世紀出現不少仿尤求風格的白描畫，呈現出其白描藝術的影響力。
Focusing on You Chiu’s figure painting in existence, this thesis tries to shed light on You Chiu’s artistic style and life in late 16th century Suzhou by analyzing the figure’s image, brushwork, construction and technique. Based on this study, You Chiu not only had inherited Qiu Ying’s figure image, construction and narrative characteristic, but also had succeeded from Wu School artists Shen Zhou and Wen Zhengming. Most importantly, influenced by his sponsor Wang Shizhen, You Chiu started to pay attention to Nanjing figure painting artists Du Jing and Wu Wei. This study explores You Chiu’s painting life through the corpus of Wang Shizhen. In fact, Wang Shizhen played an important role in his life. After You Chiu moved from Cheung Chau to Taicang, Wang not only promoted You but also introduced him to literati and artists in Taicang. Through the long-term partnership between them, Wang’s artistic tendencies had a significant impact on You’s works. Therefore, this study also organizes the ideas of Bai Miao painting of Wang Shizhen and his friends in late Ming.The works of You Chiu commissioned and collected by Wang Shizhen are ink scroll narrative paintings, most of which depicted ancient famous women’s story. Wang Shizhen also provided knowledge of literary allusions to You Chiu to create splendid narrative painting, which led You Chiu occupied an important position in Suzhou from late 16th century to 17th century.
Focusing on You Chiu’s figure painting in existence, this thesis tries to shed light on You Chiu’s artistic style and life in late 16th century Suzhou by analyzing the figure’s image, brushwork, construction and technique. Based on this study, You Chiu not only had inherited Qiu Ying’s figure image, construction and narrative characteristic, but also had succeeded from Wu School artists Shen Zhou and Wen Zhengming. Most importantly, influenced by his sponsor Wang Shizhen, You Chiu started to pay attention to Nanjing figure painting artists Du Jing and Wu Wei. This study explores You Chiu’s painting life through the corpus of Wang Shizhen. In fact, Wang Shizhen played an important role in his life. After You Chiu moved from Cheung Chau to Taicang, Wang not only promoted You but also introduced him to literati and artists in Taicang. Through the long-term partnership between them, Wang’s artistic tendencies had a significant impact on You’s works. Therefore, this study also organizes the ideas of Bai Miao painting of Wang Shizhen and his friends in late Ming.The works of You Chiu commissioned and collected by Wang Shizhen are ink scroll narrative paintings, most of which depicted ancient famous women’s story. Wang Shizhen also provided knowledge of literary allusions to You Chiu to create splendid narrative painting, which led You Chiu occupied an important position in Suzhou from late 16th century to 17th century.
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尤求, 王世貞, 白描畫, 明中晚期, You Chiu, Figure painting, Late Ming, Wang Shizhen