台灣中低海拔森林療癒環境選址準則建立與實證研究

Abstract

綠色療癒已經引起國際學術界的關注，亞洲的日韓中等國已逐步將森林應用為療癒地。在台灣，森林是覆蓋全島土地面積超過百分之六十的地景，因為森林的自然性存在療癒潛力的需求，其功能正由遊憩轉型中。本研究以療癒地景理論為基礎，主要目的是探討療癒在森林地景中，源自物理環境、個人行為、在地文化之間的交織作用;並進一步梳理森林環境提供療癒機會的類型。研究以中低海拔森林環境(海拔高度2,400公尺以下)為研究範圍，並於富源國家森林遊樂區、七星潭保安林(德燕濱海植物園)、石壁森林療癒基地與山板樵休閒農場等場域進行實證研究。本研究採用次級文獻法、專家焦點團體訪談法、層級分析法與行動研究法分析研究資料。具體研究成果為(1) 建構療癒地景指標體系，涵蓋物理、社會、象徵、心靈與管理五大層面，提供可量化評估之選址準則。(2) 結合專家的實證研究以驗證選址模式之適切性與可行性。(3)修訂盤斯心情量表（POMS）以強化其於臺灣森林療癒情境之適用性。(4) 透過地理資訊系統（GIS）建置選址熱點地圖，辨識具療癒潛力之空間區域。(5) 推演出「療癒機會序列」（Healing Opportunity Sequence, HOS）架構，回應森林場域從遊憩轉向療癒的理論與實務需求。本研究結果發展出具客觀科學性與主觀專業性的選址評估準則與「療癒機會序列」，可供臺灣未來森林療癒環境經營管理、政策推動與療癒體驗活動規劃，提供實證基礎與規劃參據。Green therapy has attracted the attention of the international academic community. Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea and China have gradually applied forests as therapeutic areas. In Taiwan, forests cover more than 60% of the island. Because the naturalness of forests has therapeutic potential, their functional role is transitioning from recreation to therapy. This study is based on the theory of Therapeutic Landscapes. The main purpose is to explore the interweaving of therapy in forest landscapes, which comes from the physical environment, personal behavior, and local culture; and further sort out the types of therapy opportunities provided by forest environments. The study focuses on low- and medium-altitude forest environments (below 2,400 meters above sea level) and conducts empirical research in sites such as Fuyuan Forest Recreation Area, Qixingtan protection forest (Der-Yen Beach Botanical Park), Shibi Forest Healing Center and Sanbanqiao Leisure Farm. This study uses secondary literature method, expert focus group interview method, hierarchical analysis method and action research method to analyze research data. The specific research results are (1) Constructing a therapy landscape indicator system covering five major aspects: physical, social, symbolic, spiritual and management, and providing site selection criteria for quantifiable evaluation (2) Combined with empirical research by experts to verify the appropriateness and feasibility of the site selection model (3) Revised the Profile of Mood States (POMS) to enhance its applicability in the context of forest therapy in Taiwan (4) Used a geographic information system (GIS) to create a site selection hotspot map to identify spatial areas with therapy potential (5) Deduced a" Healing Opportunity Sequence" (HOS) framework to respond to the theoretical and practical needs of forest sites shifting from recreation to therapy. The results of this study developed objective scientific and subjective professional site selection evaluation criteria and a " Healing Opportunity Sequence " that can provide an empirical basis and planning reference for future forest therapy environment management, policy promotion, and therapy experience activities planning in Taiwan.