金代地方管理中的杖殺

Abstract

本文主要觀察金代地方管理中的杖殺。首先以目前史料所見的杖殺記錄，就其存在時間、地域、主導者與受懲者之身份、運用場合等內容，說明金代杖殺存在著未必頻繁產生但卻廣泛遍散的分佈特徵。再者則分析金代杖殺的合法性，確認杖殺在當時至少是朝廷同意的官方懲處手段，但是合法與否，又因行為發生時間的不同而有不同的判定標準。最後則指出杖殺雖屬合法，亦有其法定執行程序，但又常見許多合法但為君主否定，違法但為朝廷默許的矛盾現象，此狀反映了不同時間中，國家與官員、舊慣與新法之間的衝突和交融。

This paper focuses on the enforcement of the “chang-sha”（杖殺） and tries to illuminate the roles of the “chang-sha” in local administration during theChin times. The “chang-sha”, a kind of the death penalty which was executed the victim by flogging to death with the rod, was recorded in many Chin texts. In the Chin period, the sentence to the “chang-sha” was legal, but the procedure of a lot of “chang-sha” cases was illegal. Some illegal “chang-sha” was supported by the Chin authorities for the functioning of the control, and some was agreed by the Han people and officials for the effectiveness of protection of the public welfare. The determination of legal or illegal and the enforcement of the “chang-sha”always reflected the interaction of various powers.