諷刺仿作風格應用在「全球暖化 」海報設計的創作與研究

Abstract

「諷刺仿作風格」所企圖達到的效果，是突破傳統藝術與現代藝術裡「真蹟與原創性」的概念，正是以畫作解構神話。因此，諷刺仿作即可視為一種「反」文化風格，亦成為後現代生活中越來越普遍的常態現象。 本研究以對公共議題應有的關注，再佐以相關暖化的科學理論並且探討諷刺仿作定義與特性，透過諷刺與原作間互動關係的海報設計創作模式，展開一種新的詮譯形式與視覺訊息傳達風格。籍以了解「諷刺仿作風格」運用與表現在海報設計創作上的可能性。本論文中探討主要有三大議題：（一）由文獻探討了解暖化的成因、影響及應變措施等科學理論。再蒐集、分析諷刺仿作沿革與定義分析仿作案例，驗證「諷刺仿作風格」具備後現代諸多特徵，更包含荒謬、嘲諷與遊戲化，體現後現代的反文化精神。（二）經過蒐集、分析暖化議題相關海報作品，探究諷刺仿作之仿本選擇及表現技法有何異同之處，印證文獻探討中「諷剌仿作風格」特性的論述。（三）透過海報形式創作，本研究試圖運用反諷、模仿的形式，解構既定印象的經典名畫、圖像等。同時又有與其原作親近甚至合謀的一面，籍由解構經典名作或圖像既定的印象，再進行構成大眾通俗文化並且傳達諷刺之意涵。有效應用「諷刺仿作風格」特性。藉此傳達嚴肅的全球暖化議題，希望能引發共嗚喚起眾人們的省思。在海報創作表現出仿作的「諷刺」特性。仿作的同時又要使原始的可被辨識，彼此之間的關係是很模糊與弔詭，藉由海報創作的完成，體驗後現代主義「不確定性」與「內在性」的二大特性，表現出既有衝突、亦有妥協的視覺表現手法。 最後，經過本研究在「諷剌仿作風格」案例蒐集整理與分析；整理出「諷刺仿作風格」所包含的寄生性、獨立性、獨創性、諷刺性、通俗性及限制性六大特質。證實「諷刺仿作風格」不但能體現後現代文化的反文化精神，亦具備、反諷、種類混雜、狂歡性、表演性、構成等後現代主義諸多特徵，足以做為後現代文化的一種現象。The effect that the “pastiche style” attempts to achieve is to breakthrough the “authentic and original” concept in traditional and contemporary arts by taking pictures to decompose the myth. As a result, the “pastiche” is also regarded as a “counter” cultural style. It has become a more and more common phenomenon and normality in post-modern life.

Based on the proper concerns about the public issues and the warming-related scientific theories, this study aimed to discuss the definition and characteristics of the pastiche throughthe interaction between pastiche and original work of the poster design creation model, and develop a new illustration form and visual message delivering style in order to understand the possible use and presentation of the “pastiche style” on the poster design creation. This study mainly focused on the discussions of three topics: (1) Through the literature review, this study comprehended the scientific theories of warming such as the causes, impacts and corresponding measures and then analyzed the development and definition of the pastiche and relevant cases to prove that “pastiche style” possesses many post-modern characteristics including absurdity, taunts and game-based, which represent the post-modern counter culture spirit. (2) After the collection and analysis of the posters related to the warming issue, this study further explored the selection of the pastiche samples and the similarity and difference between the pastiche and original works to prove the characteristics of the “pastiche” theory. (3) Through the creation of poster, this study attempted to apply the ironic and mimic methods to decompose the classical pictures and photos that already have a fixed impression. With the similarity to the original work, this study further created the general culture and delivered the meaning of irony through the decomposition of fixed impression of the classical works or pictures to effectively apply the characteristics of the “pastiche style”. It is hoped to impress people and echo people’s deep thoughts by presenting the “ironic” characteristic of the poster creation. The relationship between the pastiche and original works is very obscure and strange because the original work must be identifiable. In addition, the completion of the poster creation has experienced two major characteristics “uncertainty” and “internality” to present the visual expression with both conflicting and compromising characters.

Finally, after the collection and analysis of the “pastiche style” cases, this study concluded 6 major characteristics of the “pastiche style” including the parasitism, independence, originality, irony and generalization, and proved that the “pastiche style” can not only present the post-modern counter cultural spirit but is also characterized by many of the post-modern characters such as irony, mixed-type, revelry and performance, which is considered a feature of the post- modern culture.