公園景觀異質性與使用者人格類型對注意力恢復之影響──以臺北市河濱公園為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討都市綠地中河濱公園景觀異質性與使用者人格類型對環境感知與注意力恢復效果的影響。在都市生活節奏日益加快、心理壓力普遍提升的背景下，能促進心理健康的自然環境愈顯重要，河濱公園作為都市中的綠色空間，其空間特性與使用者的人格類型是否會影響環境感知與注意力恢復，為本研究關注重點。本研究以臺北市三處河濱公園（大佳河濱公園、華中河濱公園與華江雁鴨自然公園）為研究場域，透過問卷調查法蒐集306位使用者資料，量測項目包含社會背景（個人屬性與公園使用經驗）、環境感知（涵蓋各種感官、機能等構面）與注意力恢復量表（遠離性、延展性、魅力性、相容性四構面）、人格類型（簡化版MBTI量表）。應用Fragstats分析河濱公園之景觀異質性，包含面積、邊界總長、景觀形狀指數、蔓延度、散置與並排指數、Shannon 多樣性指數、Simpson 多樣性指數等七項指標。再藉由統計分析方法（包含信度分析、卡方檢定、變異數分析與線性迴歸分析）進行驗證。研究結果顯示，不同公園的景觀異質性與使用者人格類型確實影響使用者的環境感知，進而影響注意力恢復效果。人格類型中的偏內向（I）、直觀（N）、知覺（P）類型，對自然性與異質性較高的空間具有較高偏好。同時，外向（E）、情感（F）與知覺（P）亦展現較高的環境感知敏感度。社會背景方面，教育程度、造訪頻率與同行者類型顯著影響使用者對環境的感知。進一步分析指出，「聲音」與「動態事物」的感知在注意力恢復中扮演關鍵角色。多樣且具異質性的自然環境、考量使用者人格與社會背景差異，以及強化聲景與動態元素，皆為未來都市綠地設計與管理的重要參考依據。此外，可透過教育介入與環境解說設計，增進使用者對環境的感知與認同，進而提升其對綠地空間的參與感與維護意願。This study investigates how landscape heterogeneity in urban riverside parks and users’ personality types influence environmental perception and attention resto-ration. As urban life becomes increasingly stressful, natural spaces that facilitate psychological recovery, such as riverside parks, play a crucial role. This research focuses on how spatial characteristics of parks and user personality types affect at-tention restoration.This study was conducted in three riverside parks in Taipei—Dajia, Huazhong, and Huajiang Wild Duck Nature Park—with survey data collected from 306 users. The measured variables included sociodemographic background (personal attributes and park usage experience), environmental perception (encompassing various senso-ry, functional, and other dimensions), the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (compris-ing four dimensions: being away, extent, fascination, and compatibility), and per-sonality types (measured using a simplified Myers–Briggs Type Indicator scale). Landscape heterogeneity was analyzed using FRAGSTATS based on seven indices: total area, total edge length, landscape shape index, contagion, interspersion and jux-taposition index, Shannon’s diversity index, and Simpson’s diversity index. Statisti-cal analyses comprised reliability testing, Chi-square test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.The research results indicate that both park landscape heterogeneity and users’ personality types significantly influence environmental perception, which in turn affects attention restoration. Introvert (I), intuition (N), and perception (P) types pre-fer natural, heterogeneous environments, while extrovert (E), feeling (F), and per-ception (P) types show higher sensitivity to environmental perception. Social fac-tors such as education, visit frequency, and companion type also affect perception. Sound and dynamic elements play a key role in attention restoration.Designing diverse, nature-rich environments, considering personality and social backgrounds, and enhancing soundscapes and motion are vital for urban green space planning. Educational and interpretive strategies can further boost users’ perception, engagement, and stewardship.