以綠色永續化學原則設計高中實驗 一、鐵離子氧化碘離子 二、試管卡計

Abstract

本研究基於綠色化學原則，對高中兩項經典的課程實驗進行設計，分別為碘鐘實驗及卡計實驗，分為兩部分敘述實驗結果。第一部分，碘鐘實驗，針對「鐵(Ⅲ)氧化碘離子反應」，提出了一種基於溫度控制而非離子強度控制反應速率的方法，成功控制反應速率在理想範圍中，從而降低了實驗中的藥品消耗。並將此實驗應用於高中同學實驗課程中，並將實驗結果與進行傳統實驗的結果進行分析比對。這項研究展示了以溫度控制代替離子強度控制反應速率的潛力，並開創了新的研究方向。第二部分，本研究提出以雙層玻璃試管組裝而成的「試管卡計」，是一種基於減少熱傳導影響以提升絕熱能力的簡易卡計，具有微量、透明、低成本、規格選擇眾多等傳統卡計所不具有的特性。此卡計經實驗觀察，在熱容量和降溫速率方面與傳統的保麗龍卡計、保溫杯卡計相當。本研究亦提出基於「試管卡計」特性所設計之教學實驗，實驗內容引入赫斯定律，使實驗更完善。此實驗經證實能有效得到與文獻值相合的實驗結果，期望未來能引入高中各級學校。Two classic high school experiments: the iodine clock reaction and the calorimetry experiments were redesigned based on the principles of green chemistry.For the iodine clock experiment focuses on the reaction between iron(III) and iodide ions. A method based on temperature control rather than ion strength control to regulate the reaction rate was proposed. This method successfully controlled the reaction rate within the ideal range, thereby reducing the consumption of chemicals in the experiment. This experiment was applied in high school laboratory courses, and the results were compared with those obtained from traditional experiments. The study demonstrates the potential of temperature control to replace ion strength control in regulating reaction rates and opens new research directions.For the heat measurements, we developed simple calorimeters called the"test tube calorimeter" assembled with double-layer glass test tubes to replace the Styrofoam cup.This calorimeter aims to enhance adiabatic capability by reducing heat conduction pathways and possesses unique features such as micro-chemistry and transparency. Experimental observations show that this calorimeter's heat capacity and cooling rate are comparable to those of traditional Styrofoam and commercial thermostat. Experiments to verify Hess law were designed for this "test tube calorimeter"including heat of dissolving of a base. heat of acid-base reaction in solution, and heat of solid base react with acid. The results consist with literature values. Having the advantages of small amount of reagents required, easy assembly, visibility through glass, it is highly applicable to high school experiment.