趨同與分殊間的拉扯：科技大學招生制度變革的歷史制度論分析

Abstract

本研究旨在探討1970年以後科技大學招生制度變革與定位，爰採用文件分析法及訪談法進行資料蒐集，並以歷史制度論的觀點進行分析。研究結果發現：一、科技大學招生制度受到政治、經濟、社會和人口等多重因素交互作用的影響；二、科技大學的招生制度係由多元行動者共同形塑的複雜網絡；三、科技大學招生制度呈現既「停滯」又「進展」的雙元變遷模式；四、科技大學招生制度對普通大學招生制度定位產生路徑依賴並在「趨同」及「分殊」間產生定位漂移；五、科技大學招生制度宜在考招組織、招生供需、招生制度及宣導等面向作改善。依據上述研究結果，本研究一併提出對招生政策實務及未來研究建議，以供參考。This study aims to explore the transformation and positioning of the recruitment system among colleges and universities of science and technology in Taiwan since the 1970s. Utilizing document analysis and interviews for data collection, the research adopts a historical institutionalism perspective. The findings of the study are as follows: First, the recruitment system is shaped by the interplay of multiple forces, including political, economic, social, and demographic influences. Second, it is formed through a complex network of interactions among various actors. Third, the system's development demonstrates a dual trajectory of both stagnation and progress. Fourth, it exhibits path dependence in its positioning relative to the recruitment system of general universities, leading to a state of positional drift between convergence and divergence. Fifth, improvements are needed in the areas of examination and recruitment institution, enrollment supply and demand, recruitment systems, and promotional strategies. Based on these findings, the study offers recommendations regarding the implementation of recruitment policies and future research directions.