正念訓練對職業高爾夫選手推桿表現及腦波之影響

Abstract

競技運動場上，保持最佳心理狀態是運動員巔峰表現的關鍵。過去研究指出正念訓練對運動員心理狀態及運動表現有正向的效果。然而，在提升高爾夫運動表現上似乎沒有一致的結果，以及缺乏隨機對照試驗和客觀性神經科學之指標測量的實驗設計。本研究使用正念—接納—承諾（Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment）的課程介入，招募共 24 位職業高爾夫選手。採用隨機對照試驗將所有參與者分派至接受 4 週共 8 小時正念訓練的實驗組，或無介入的控制組，在訓練的前後皆進行運動正念量表檢測、10 英呎推桿 60 球測驗、腦波指標 T3α、SMR 與 Fmθ 之測量，以及注意程度、控制程度以及放鬆程度之視覺類比量表測量。透過獨立樣本 t 檢定以檢驗兩組之差異，顯著水準定為 α = .05。研究結果顯示，實驗組在正念訓練後，運動正念總分和推桿表現皆顯著提升。腦波 Fmθ 、T3α 與 SMR 功率實驗組和控制組間皆未達顯著差異。視覺類比量表中，實驗組與控制組在對動作細節的注意程度和控制程度以及放鬆程度上也未達顯著差異。本研究支持正念訓練能夠有效提升職業高爾夫選手的推桿表現及運動正念分數，並且提供了正念訓練對推桿表現的心理和生理運作機制，為未來的相關研究提供了重要的參考依據。Maintaining an optimal psychological state is the key to peak performance for athletes in competitive sports. Although some previous researches have indicated a positive effect of mindfulness training on athletes’ psychological states and sports performances. The findings were inconsistent in golfers. Furthermore, most of the studies suffered from some methodological limitations such as not including objective neurophysiological indicators, or applying a randomized controlled study design. As such, this study aimed to address these limitations by employing a 4-week (once a week, two hours per session) Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) intervention to further investigate the effects of mindfulness training on putting performance, sports mindfulness, and the neurophysiological indices among elite golfers. Using an RCT design. 24 professional golfers were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. Both groups were required to finish the Sports Mindfulness Scale, a 3-meter- putting test (60 puttings), and measurement of EEG indicators: T3α, SMR, and Fmθ before and after the intervention. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to examine the differences between the two groups in putting performance, sports mindfulness scale, and neurophysiological indicators. The results of the study showed that the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in sports mindfulness scores and putting performance after mindfulness training. However, there were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of EEG indicators, including Fmθ power, T3α power, and SMR power. Similarly, no significant differences were found between the two groups in the Visual Analog Scale scores for attention to motor details, control, and relaxation. This study supports that mindfulness training can effectively enhance putting performance and sports mindfulness scores among professional golfers. It also provides insights into the psychological and physiological mechanisms through which mindfulness training affects putting performance, offering important references for future related research.