香港Y世代父母教養信念及行為的代間異同

Abstract

本研究旨在探討香港Y時代父母教養的代間傳遞。儘管不少西方研究證明，上一代的父母通過養育子女可以將不同的教養信念和行為傳遞給他們的孩子。而且，有許多西方研究人員進行了許多有關教養的代際傳遞的連續及不連續性的相關研究，但過去幾十年有關於香港父母的教養的代際傳遞的相關研究尚少。本研究目的主要探討香港兩代父母的教養孩子的信念和行為之間的異同。本研究通過立意抽樣方式蒐集了十位在香港出生於Y世代的父母作為研究參與者。研究者與所有研究參與者以粵語進行半結構形式的深度訪談。本研究之結果：

一、父母的角色及責任：男性參與者與上一代相比，他們有比較多參與育兒子女，家庭分工也變得不明確。然而，女性參與者持主要照顧者及工作的雙重角色。參與者如同其父母仍然視養育子女為自己的責任，同時承擔與其父母不同的責任。

二、紀律和服從：大部分的參與者強調採用以「以兒童為中心」之教養觀，「聽話」的定義已與其父母的年代有所不同。他們採用多元化的管教策略，期望培育子女成為具有批判思考能力的人，為他們在現今及未來社會中茁壯成長做好準備。

三、情感表達：在對子女情感的表達上，參與者對直接性的表現與其父母的年代有了層面上的不同與轉換。在參與者中亦存在群體差異，大部分的參與者強烈強調他們以直接和外顯的方式表達愛，然而有三位父親參與者仍然如同其父母愛在心裡口難開。

四、教育：在現今的香港，教育仍然被視為是一個重要的因素。參與者在自己的能力範圍內為子女提供良好的環境和機會，就像其父母一樣。然而，參與者與其父母相比，不太可能且不願意利用心理壓力來推動子女在學業上取得優異的成績。五、社會情緒發展：參與者與其父母一樣強調培養孩子成為「好人」，例如：具備基本禮儀，明辨的能力，以及維持良好的人際關係。The present study investigated the intergenerational transmission of parenting amongst Hong Kong Generation Y parents. Empirical evidence in the West has found that parents in one generation can transmit their parenting practices to their children. Numerous researchers in the West conducted intergenerational parenting research to investigate the continuities and discontinuities of parenting. However, few studies have been done on the intergenerational shifts in the Hong Kong parenting context over the past few decades.The purpose of the present study was to identify the intergenerational similarities and changes in parenting beliefs and behaviours between the two generations of Hong Kong parents. Ten Hong Kong parents who are born in Generation Y were recruited in the present study through purposive sampling. All participants participated in a semi-structured interview and the medium of the interview in Cantonese. The primary results were as follows:

(1) Parental Role and Responsibilities: Male participants were more involved in childrearing and less clear-cut in the division of labour than in the older generations. Yet, participants or their spouses who were female undertook dual roles of being the primary caregivers and breadwinners. Participants continued to perceive the upbringing of their children as their parental responsibility while assuming different parental responsibilities than their own parents.(2) Discipline and Obedience: Nearly all participants placed a strong emphasis on adopting a “child-centred” approach and reconceptualized the concept of “obedience” compared to their parents. They employed multi-methods in disciplinary strategies to nurture their children as critical thinkers, preparing them to thrive in both present and future society.

(3) Emotional Expression: Participants attempt to express love through more direct means than their parents, but group variations existed.The majority of participants strongly emphasise demonstrating direct and outward expressions of love and affection to their children, whereas three participants who were fathers were reluctant to express their love verbally as their parents.(4) Education: Education was still regarded as an important factor in contemporary Hong Kong. Participants tried their best in abilities to provide a good environment and rich opportunities for their children as their parents. Yet, participants were less likely and less willing to use psychological pressure to push their children to achieve academic excellence.

(5) Socioemotional Development: Participants continued to strongly emphasise cultivating their children to be “kind people” as theirparents, for instance, possessing basic etiquette and manners, the ability to distinguish rights and wrongs, and the maintenance of interpersonal harmony.