從社會角色理論探討臺灣女性籃球裁判角色之困境

Abstract

本研究以社會角色理論探討臺灣女性籃球裁判角色之困境，期盼能提供中華民國籃球協會與職業聯盟等賽事單位，在培育與選用女性籃球裁判上能獲得更多地關注與支援。本研究採用半結構式訪談法，針對執法年資平均15年以上的國際級或國家A級之女性籃球裁判進行訪談。經由半結構式的深度訪談之結果顯示：(一) 臺灣女性籃球裁判，皆在大學時期因重要他人影響而接觸籃球裁判執法工作。能夠獲取球隊、教練的認同，及完成比賽後的成就感是其持續參與執法的因素。而本研究也發現當女性遭遇玻璃天花板時會自我轉變，使命感、傳承經驗、成為榜樣成為她們持續參與的因素。(二) 女性籃球裁判初期參與執法時，皆受到教練、球員、觀眾及男性裁判的性別歧視，本研究也發現，賽事單位以及裁判長的性別意識，是影響女性籃球裁判參與執法的因素之一。(三) 臺灣女性籃球裁判的角色衝突因素，為本職工作的影響最為重大，家庭角色影響最小，而其調適之方式則是時間安排妥當，讓自身能夠協調本職工作、家庭責任以及裁判角色三者。

This study explores the challenges faced by female basketball referees in Taiwan through the lens of social role theory. The goal is to provide insights and support to organizations such as the Chinese Taipei Basketball Association and professional leagues in their efforts to cultivate and select female basketball referees. The research employs semi-structured interviews, focusing on international or national-level female basketball referees with an average of over 15 years of officiating experience. The findings from these in-depth interviews are as follows:(1) Female basketball referees in Taiwan were influenced by significant others during their university years to engage in officiating. Their continued involvement is driven by factors such as gaining recognition from teams and coaches, and the sense of accomplishment after completing games. The study also finds that when encountering the"glass ceiling," these women undergo self-transformation, with a sense of mission, experience-sharing, and becoming role models as key motivations for their ongoing participation. (2) In the early stages of their officiating careers, female basketball referees experienced gender discrimination from coaches, players, spectators, and male referees. The study also identifies the gender awareness of event organizers and referee supervisors as a factor influencing female referees' participation in officiating. (3) The primary factor contributing to role conflict among female basketball referees in Taiwan is the impact of their primary job, while family roles have the least impact. Their coping strategy involves effective time management, allowing them to balance their main job, family responsibilities, and refereeing roles.