帝國邊境的協商：南岬燈塔的興建歷史及影響（1867-1895）

Abstract

南岬燈塔坐落在恆春半島，日治時期曾入選臺灣八景，今日仍是熱門的旅遊景點。目前學界已能掌握南岬燈塔興建的主要脈絡，將其視為1867年羅發號事件後，美國駐廈門領事李仙得來臺協商、一手主導之結果，並由大清海關在1874年牡丹社事件後承擔興建之責。先行研究普遍突顯李仙得的影響力，但未進一步探討原住民、清政府官員與大清海關各方行動者對於南岬燈塔的態度及作為，更遑論燈塔落成後的影響。本論文認為，南岬燈塔是各方行動者在不同時間點、基於不同動機與關懷所造成之結果。李仙得雖在1872年3月與臺灣地方官員協商時，提出由大清海關在南臺灣興建燈塔之議，獲得臺灣地方官員首肯。然而直到牡丹社事件後，大清海關才承擔起在南臺灣興建燈塔的相關事宜。海關態度之轉變，實與牡丹社事件後，清政府看待南臺灣番地之態度有密切關係。換言之，李仙得對南岬燈塔之興建並非具有重要的影響力，反而是大清海關與清政府官員有更大的影響力。

透過燈塔管理員喬治･泰勒在南臺灣活動留下的書寫作為切入點，以原住民文化觀點角度觀之，南岬燈塔是各原住民群體之間，競爭、奪取影響力的新管道。南岬燈塔最後在1895年的「終結」，則反映清政府及海關體制的徹底結束，並顯現出該座燈塔始終與控制模糊的番地治權有著緊密的關係。

South Cape Lighthouse is located on the Heng-chun Peninsula. It was selected as one of the eight scenic spots in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period, and still a popular tourist attraction today. At present, the academic community has been able to grasp the main context of the establishment of the South Cape Lighthouse, and regard it as the result of the US Consul Le Gendre, who came to Taiwan for negotiation after the Rover incident in 1867. Prior research generally highlighted Le Gendre's influence, but did not further explore the attitudes and actions of other actors toward the South Cape Lighthouse, let alone the impact after its completion.

This paper argues that the establishment of South Cape lighthouse is the result of various actors at different moment, based on different motivations and concerns. In March 1872, Le Gendre proposed should build a lighthouse in southern Taiwan, which was approved by the local officials in Taiwan. But the lighthouse proposal in 1872 was not adopted by the Imperial Maritime Customs Services, who was in charge Qing’s lighthouse affairs. It was not until after the Botan tribe incident that IMCS took up matters. The reason for the change is related to the attitude of the Qing government towards the aboriginal territory after the Botan tribe incident. In other words, Le Gendre did not have an important influence on the establishment of the South Cape Lighthouse, but rather the IMCS and Qing officials had greater influence.After the completion of the South Cape Lighthouse, through the writings left by lighthouse keeper George Taylor's activities in southern Taiwan as an entry point, and from the perspective of local aboriginal culture, the South Cape Lighthouse is a new channel for competition and influence among various aboriginal groups. The final "end" of South Cape Lighthouse in 1895 reflected the complete end of the Qing government and Customs system, but from the attitude of the Japanese government towards South Cape Lighthouse, it is obviously that the South Cape Lighthouse has always been closely related to the vaguely controlled aboriginal territory governance.