三貂嶺生態友善隧道發展的行動者網絡分析

Abstract

在瑞芳與雙溪交界的崇山峻嶺中，三貂嶺隧道是一條封閉三十七年的百年鐵道隧道，曾是台灣宜蘭線的重要運輸命脈，見證礦業與鐵道產業的興衰。2022年，這條隧道在設計師吳忠勳與新北市政府的合作下重獲新生，從青春山海線的自行車道構想，轉型為融合棲地保護、緩行體驗與視覺美學的生態友善空間「The Dark Line 時空暗線」，並屢獲國際景觀設計大獎。這場改造不僅展現創新的設計語彙，更挑戰了公共建設傳統以開發為導向的思維。因此本研究聚焦三貂嶺隧道的空間轉型過程，探討：此項廣受關注的空間改造，是如何在多元行動者的協商與資源連結中實現「生態優先」的治理理念？又如何重塑地方治理模式與空間使用秩序？本研究採行動者網絡理論（Actor–Network Theory, ANT）為分析視角，強調空間治理過程中人類與非人類行動者的相互建構。除了關注設計者的美學實踐與政策推動者的治理目標外，研究亦納入蝙蝠、鋼筋格柵、鏡面水池、生態照明、資金流向與預約制度等非人行動者之影響力。透過深度訪談、政策文件蒐集與現地參與觀察，回溯三貂嶺隧道從自行車道構想到生態友善隧道定調的決策與實作歷程。研究指出，這些物質與制度元素在「轉譯」過程中被賦予治理功能，逐步成為空間規範的「強制通行點」（Obligatory Passage Point , OPP），不僅介入使用者行為，更形塑人們對空間價值的理解與實踐方式。本研究發現，即使是獲得國際獎項肯定的公共基礎建設計畫，其治理的穩定性並非單憑卓越的設計或嚴謹的政策執行，而是建立在持續轉譯和人與非人行動者之間不斷連結的動態網絡。三貂嶺隧道的案例顯示，「生態友善」不僅是一種設計理想的實現，更是在地社群、使用者、制度與生態物種之間，針對空間使用、價值詮釋與自然倫理，長期協商與調整的結果。「轉譯」的過程呈現出人類與自然如何透過物質與制度的配置，建立起共存的關係。從景觀治理的觀點來看，空間應被視為多元行動者協商與轉譯的場域；而從關係地理學的視角出發，空間並非靜態的形式，而是人與非人行動者之間動態連結與意義生成的結果。因此，本研究建議，未來的生態導向公共建設應加強治理架構的彈性設計、深化在地社群的參與，並實踐多物種共存的倫理，空間治理將能邁向共治與共感的實踐，成為關係重組與邁向生態共生未來的起點。Nestled in the mountainous border between Ruifang and Shuangxi, the Sandiaoling Tunnel is a century-old railway tunnel that had been closed for 37 years. Once a vital transport artery of Taiwan’s Yilan Line, it witnessed the rise and fall of the mining and railway industries. In 2022, through the collaboration between designer Chung-Hsün Wu and the New Taipei City Government, the tunnel was revitalized—not merely as part of the"Youth Mountain-Sea Line" bike path vision, but as an ecologically friendly space that integrates habitat preservation, slow travel experience, and visual aesthetics. This transformation, known as The Dark Line, has received multiple international landscape design awards. More than a feat of innovation in design language, this case challenges the traditional development-oriented logic of public infrastructure. Thus, this study focuses on the tunnel’s spatial transformation process and asks: Howdid this widely acclaimed project embody an “ecology-first” governance ideal through negotiation and resource linkage among diverse actors? And how did it reshape local governance models and spatial usage norms?This research adopts Actor–Network Theory (ANT) as the analytical framework, emphasizing the mutual construction between human and non-human actors in the spatial governance process. In addition to examining the aesthetic practices of designers and the policy intentions of officials, this study incorporates non-human actors such as bats, rebar grilles, reflective water pools, ecological lighting, funding flows, and the reservation system. Through in-depth interviews, policy document analysis, and on-site participant observation, the study retraces how the Sandiaoling Tunnel evolved from a bike path concept to an ecologically friendly tunnel, analyzing the decision-making and implementation processes. The findings show how these material and institutional elements gained governance functions through the process of translation, gradually becoming Obligatory Passage Point (OPP) that not only regulate user behavior but also shape public understanding and practice of spatial values.This study finds that even a public infrastructure project recognized with international awards does not achieve governance stability solely through design excellence or rigorous policy implementation. Instead, it relies on a dynamic network of translation and ongoing connections among human and non-human actors. The case of the Sandiaoling Tunnel demonstrates that “eco-friendliness” is not merely the realization of a design ideal, but the outcome of ongoing negotiations and adjustments among local communities, users, institutions, and ecological species regarding spatial use, value interpretation, and environmental ethics. The process of"translation" reveals how humans and nature establish coexistence through material and institutional configurations. From the perspective of landscape governance, space should be seen as a site of negotiation and translation among diverse actors. From the lens of relational geography, space is not a static form but a result of dynamic connections and meaning-making between human and non-human entities. Therefore, this study recommends that future eco-oriented public projects enhance the flexibility of governance frameworks, deepen local community participation, and uphold the ethics of multi-species coexistence. In doing so, spatial governance can move toward co-governance and shared affect, becoming a starting point for relational reconstruction and an ecologically coexistent future.