女性旅館管理者的工作處境及其職涯發展影響因素之探討－以國際觀光旅館客房部為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討旅館女性管理者的工作處境，及影響女性職涯發展的因素。由於旅館業涵蓋廣泛，僅以國際觀光旅館的客房部門為例，採質性研究法，從客務與房務部門中選取經驗豐富的中、高階女性主管為研究對象，進行深度訪談。依據訪談與觀察資料，進行質性分析，並與文獻互相驗證。 本研究發現，國際觀光旅館的客房部的女性工作者在聘用招募、工作分派、升遷、薪資上多處於不利的工作處境。此外，女性旅館工作者的職涯發展深受個人與社會因素的影響。在個人因素方面，女性旅館工作者的職涯發展主要受其生理特質、人格特質、專業能力、家庭與工作的影響；在社會因素方面，則受組織（組織結構與文化及職場福利政策）和社會文化（性別刻板印象）的影響。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the work situations and the influential factors of women’s career development working in the front office and housekeeping department of international tourist hotel. Women in middle and senior management level possessed rich experiences were chosen as research subjects and were interviewed with qualitative research method. Data were analyzed via the results of interviewing and observing and substantiated with literatures. In this study, we found that women working in the front office and housekeeping department of international tourist hotel had disadvantageous work situations in employ, recruitment, assignation, promotion, low salary and sexual harassment. In addition, career development of women working at hotel was deeply affected by individual and social factors. In individual aspect, the career development of female hotel workers was affected by physiology, personality, professional ability and balance between family and work. In social aspect, the career development of female hotel workers was affected by organizational factors (organization’s structure and culture and welfare policy) and socio-cultural factor (sexual stereotype).