臺灣高等教育社群遊說活動之研究

Abstract

臺灣高等教育社群遊說活動之研究

摘 要

本研究以利益團體及遊說活動之理論為基礎，探討我國高等教育社群採 用那些遊說技術與策略，以影響政府之高等教育政策。研究目的包括：調查並了解我國高等教育社群遊說活動之結構；了解大學校院領導人員對於遊說活動之看法；探討高等教育協會之組織維持與遊說活動狀況；歸納臺灣高等教育社群之遊說技術與策略；就臺灣高等教育社群合理可行之遊說制度提出建議。

本研究採問卷調查法與訪談法進行，問卷共調查145所學校，168個有 效樣本；訪談對象則包括政府官員、立法委員及三大協會代表，合計15人。

本研究主要結論包括：高等教育社群較常運用「直接遊說」技術，而少運用「草根遊說」技術；「大學法修正案」、「私立學校法修正案」及個別學校之「校地」、「校產」與「專案補助款經費」是大學校院會同時向教育部、行政院及立法委員遊說之事項；高等教育協會具有代表該類別學校發聲之功能，但向政府進行政策倡議之功能不夠顯著；協會在向政府進行政策倡議前 ，經常要花費很多時間在共識之建立；遊說法制化、立法院建立常態之公聽會制度、改善高等教育協會之組織維持狀況、採用研究報告之遊說技術及建立聯合會，是未來可以努力的理想遊說制度。

關鍵詞：利益團體、高等教育協會、高等教育遊說、高等教育政治學Lobbying Activities of Higher Education Community In Taiwan

Abstract Based on theories of interest groups and lobbying, this study explores the lobbying structure and techniques used by higher education community . Purposes of this study include: survey and understand the techniques of higher education lobbying；the attitudes of the top-ranked leaders in universities and colleges toward lobbying ; the statuses of organizational maintenance and lobbying techniques among higher education associations ；the lobbying techniques and strategies used by higher education community and suggestions about how to construct an ideal system for higher education lobbying in Taiwan. This study adopts questionnaire survey and interview as major methods. Questionnaire survey was sent to 145 higher education institutions with 168 samples returning the questionnaire. In addition, there were 15 face-to-face or telephone interviews of government officials, legislator, or representatives of associations. Major conclusions include : higher education community in Taiwan tends to adopt more direct lobbying techniques and less grass-root lobbying techniques；“The Amendments of the University Law” ,“The Amendments of the Private Schools, Colleges and Universities Law”, and some individual issues such as lands, properties, and assistant funds are the issues that universities and colleges lobby the Ministry of Education, the Executive Yuan, and the legislators simultaneously ; all the three major associations have the function of representing their members, but their functions of policy advocacy are not significant enough ; within the association, it is too time-consuming to reach the consensus of members ; in addition, to legalize the lobbying activities, to construct a constant public hearing system in the Legislative Yuan, to improve the organizational maintenance of higher education associations, to adopt “research report” as the main technique and to form a coalition or alliance among associations are the ideal lobbying techniques for higher education.

Keywords: interest groups, associations of higher education, lobbying for higher education, politics of higher education