「紓解害怕」之圖畫書表現形式分析與創作應用

Abstract

每個人都經歷過童年恐懼，有些會隨著年齡增長而逐漸消失，當處理不當時，會產生情緒困擾與行為問題。圖畫書在兒童讀物中已佔有一席之地，它的影響力自然不容小覷。可藉由圖畫書讓孩子隨著書中主角找到克服恐懼的方法。本研究以台北市立圖書館年度最佳少年兒童讀物，進行書目分類，以克服恐懼圖畫書進行圖像分析，針對圖書的表現形式提出建議，作為情緒困擾圖畫書表現形式之創作運用。因此本研究分析結果如下：1. 創作主題方面：紓解害怕的相關圖畫書數量較少，國內創作者僅有一本，因此是值得發揮的創作主題，而從出版年代看出近年來更加被選書者看重。2. 形式分析與建議方面：(1)媒材技法與形式表現上風格多樣，從抒情寫實、裝飾圖案、到設計概念式繪畫等不一而足；(2)而角色塑造與肢體動作表情，多以人為主角且貼近於生活題材，生動誇張的動作與表情，使兒童在閱讀上更能感同身受；(3)色彩規劃與傳達表現上，有些整體呈現類似色調，在細微處變化，有些則因故事的推進在色調或色相上有明顯差異，使讀者在不知不覺中能隨著劇情變化，進入作者設定的情境；(4)空間營造與情境氣氛表現是非常重要的形式，大多運用光線的強烈對比、大面積的暗沈色調、曖昧不清的朦朧疊色等來營造出畫面的恐懼感與不安；(5)圖像的敘事結構與時間節奏上，大多為固定節奏，但到了高潮部分，畫面節奏上前面與中間的差異會有所區別，在規律中造成對比，突顯出故事的重點，而在結尾部份，通常會點破主角所害怕的事物，因此能幫助孩子填補知識上的不足，減緩並消除環境所帶來的新恐懼。Most people have experienced childhood fears. Some of them overcome the fears with age, but some of them might suffer from the emotional distress as well as behavior disorder when they cannot deal with the concerns well. Picture books are a vital genre of children’s books, and they are influential in young readers’ self-recognition. Via picture books, children can find a way to overcome fears with various protagonists in reading. This paper aims at Taipei Public Library’s Award-winning Children’s Books from 2010 to 2014, analyzing the format of picture books about overcoming fears. The research tends to make proposals for designing visual texts about the emotional disturbance. The research result can be put into the following sets: 1. Theme: The number of picture books about overcoming fears is meager. There is only one picture book created by Taiwanese author. From the observation of the publication date, picture books related to this theme are highly recommended in recent years. 2. Analysis of format and suggestions: (1) There are various styles of media techniques and forms, such as realism, expressionism, distinct patterns, and conceptual designs, etc. (2) The protagonists are usually human beings, and most of the events are based on the daily life. With the exaggeration of the main characters’ action and facial expression, children can share the feelings of the characters as much as possible while reading the book. (3) In respect of color planning and its expression, some of the picture books as a whole showing a similar tone with subtle changes. Some texts make readers get into the authors’ disposition unawares through the development of the story with apparent differences between tones and hues. (4) Setting scenes is a significant format. For instance, the authors use a sharp contrast between shades of light, a vast area of dark tones, and vague, overlapping colors to create pictures of fear and anxiety. (5) The structure of the graphic narrative is quite fixed, but when it pertains to the climax of the story, the different visual rhythm between the beginning and the middle sections becomes vivid. The distinction would draw readers’ attention to the main point of the story. The ending section usually shows the fear of the protagonist, and therefore it can help children to fill up the lack of knowledge, mitigate and eliminate new fears from the environment.