1980年代前後臺北「地下舞廳」的發展與爭論——以「迪斯可舞廳」為中心

Abstract

1980年代臺灣因經濟起飛與社會逐漸開放，人們對於娛樂的要求日漸豐富，以臺北市林森北路與中山北路一帶為主軸的地下舞廳成為時下年輕人喜愛前往的場所。戒嚴時代，政府執行「舞禁」政策，對於娛樂性場所保持管制，這些場所、店家大多並無法取得合法的舞廳營業執照，因而被稱作「地下」舞廳。1980年代臺北市中山區是地下舞廳最大的集中地，極盛期可以到達數十幾間，成為戒嚴時代夜生活獨特場景。1970年代以來，臺灣雖在國際外交陷入孤立狀態，但文化輸入並未封閉。隨臺灣經濟成長成為世界貿易體系的一環，與外國的經濟互動逐漸頻繁，來自歐美尤其美國的前衛文化也在這個過程傳入臺灣，如源於美國的街舞文化、西洋流行音樂等。對1980年代的年輕人，這些都是流行、前衛且酷炫的事物。迪斯可（Disco）流行音樂的傳入，很快在臺灣掀起一陣跳迪斯可的熱潮。然而，1980年代國家仍處於戒嚴體制，人民的自由受相當程度的約束，尤其青年學生還受到各式各樣的禁令，如語禁、書禁、禁歌、髮禁以及舞禁。年輕人想找樂子並不容易，地下舞廳的出現，適時地提供當時的年輕人一個能夠盡情跳舞、社交的場所。本文試圖以1980年代年輕人所風靡的「地下舞廳」文化為研究主軸，從「地下舞廳」如何在臺北出現、經歷7年的時光，從興起至沒落的歷程作為研究軸線，觀察1980年代的年輕人是如何對「舞廳文化」產生認同，及整個社會對於非法娛樂產業從反對邁向支持的過程。Back to the 1980s, Taiwan’s economy took off and the society was gradually opening up. People became more interested in entertainment life. Radiated out with Linsen North Road and Zhongshan North Road as the main axis, underground dance clubs opened one after another and became places where young people like to go.During the era of the martial law (1949 ~ 1987), the government implemented a dance ban policy to regulate the business of entertainment. As a result, those who wished to set up a dance hall could not obtain a business license. The ballrooms thus established were therefore called “underground clubs”. In the 1980s, the Zhongshan District became the center of these underground clubs. On its peak, there were probably more then 100 dance halls opened, which became a unique scene of nightlife under the martial law.Since the 1970s, Taiwan, losing membership in the United Nations, have become isolated diplomatically. Nonetheless, international cultural inflow never stopped. As the economy booming, Taiwan was incorporated into world trade system and played an important role in it. Due to frequent overseas business dealings, western cultural influences were brought in, especially American vanguard popular culture like street dance, pop music… and so on. It influenced deeply the young generations and was regarded as fashionable, vanguard, and cool.Disco pop music swept the world in the 80s. After being introduced into Taiwan, Disco soon formed a popular trend throughout the society. Restrained by the martial law, people’s freedom was limited to a considerable extent. There was not much entertainment for young people, and especially young students were required to endure prohibitions on language, books, songs, and hair. The new wave of underground dance clubs timely offered a place of entertainment to the youths, letting the young generation to dance free and to have social activities with others.This research will focus on Taipei underground dance clubs in the 1980s. It will investigate how the underground dance clubs popped up in Taipei, and how it declined after several years of prosperity. It will also discuss the acceptance of Taiwanese young generation to the culture of dance hall and how the society accommodated to such ‘illegal’ amusement business from opposing to supporting stance in the 80s.