創造良性競爭的環境導引才能發展

Abstract

教育情境對於競爭的態度往往曖昧不明，使得競爭無法發揮其正面的教育價值。本文先透過個人參與動機與競爭環境的辯證來看待競爭議題，理出影響競爭學習的關鍵；接著，據此構想出良性的競爭環境設計要素，包括：支持自主的設計、豐富有效的回饋訊息、適切的競爭難度及對參與者的認知訓練；最後，從資賦優異人才培育的角度來看，良性的競爭環境設計如何在各個發展階段中發揮效果，協助資優者從發現潛能到發揮才能。

In the context of education, the common attitude toward competition is usually vague. As a result, it is difficult to make the most out of the competitions and achieve the positive values of competition in education. This study first discussed the issue of competition based on personal motivation of participation and the competitiveness of the environment, to find out the key factors influencing competition in learning. Then, on this basis, this study came up with the key elements to design an environment encouraging positive competitions, including the design to support autonomous learning, rich and effective feedbacks, a suitable degree of difficulty for competitions, and cognitive trainings for participants. Lastly, from the perspective of cultivating gifted and talented students, this study explored how the design of positive competitions can be effective in every stage of developments to help the gifted explore their potentials and utilized their own giftedness.