晚期兒童動作表現的性別與年齡差異

Abstract

本研究旨在從訊息處理的觀點，透過交互點觸動作，探討九至十一歲兒童動作速 度、動作準確度與訊息處理能方面的差異情形。 本研究的問題有二：（ 1 ）晚期兒童在交 互點觸動作的動作速度、動作準確度及訊息處理能力上是否有性別差異？ （ 2 ）晚期兒童 在交互點觸動作的動作速度、動作準確度及訊息處理能力上是否有年齡差異？針對研究問題 的兩個假說是：（ 1 ）兒童晚期的女生與男生， 前者的動作速度較快、動作準確度較準， 且訊息處理的能力亦較佳； （ 2 ）年齡較大與年齡較小的晚期兒童，前者的動作速度較快 、動作準確度較準，且訊息處理的能力亦較佳。 本研究的動作係採用 Welford 的「交互點 觸動作」方法；動作距離為 136.5mm，目標寬度為 11mm。 實驗參加者為六十位九至十一歲 之國小兒童，分成六組：（一）九歲男生組；（二）九歲女生組；（三）十歲男生組；（四 ）十歲女生組；（五）十一歲男生組；（六）十一歲女生組。實驗的自變項為性別（男、女 ）和年齡（九歲、十歲、十一歲），依變項為平均動作時間、實際動作點觸範圍，及表現指 數。 每位實驗參加者皆以慣用手拿筆，施做來回共計 100 次的點觸動作。經 2 × 3 獨立 樣本二因子變異數分析與杜凱氏法事後比較， 發現：（ 1 ）晚期兒童的動作速度與準確度 ，沒有性別與年齡差異； （ 2 ）晚期兒童的訊息處理能力，沒有性別差異，但有年齡差異 。

This study investigated the sex and age differences in movement speed, movement accuracy and the information processing capacity among 9, 10, and 11 years old children. It was hyporthesized that the females are faster and more accurate in motor performance and that they have the higher information processing capacity than their male peers do; the older children are faster and more accurate in motor performance, and have the higher information processing capacity than the younger. The task to elicit motor performance was taken from one of the Welford's reciprocal tapping task approach, the movement distance was 136.5mm and the target width was 11mm, in 1969. Sixty participants, from elementary schools, age ranged from 9 to 11 were assigned into six groups: 9 years old boys, 9 years old girls, 10 years old boys, 10 years old girls, 11 years old boys, and 11 years old girls. The independent variables were sex and age. The dependent variables were mean movement time (speed), actual target width (accuracy), and index of performance (the information processing capacity). Every participant performed the reciprocal tapping task movement 100 times with their domain hands. The 2�3 two-way ANOVA and the Tukey method showed that during late childhood (1) no sex and age differences were found in movement speed and movement accuracy, (2) no sex differences but age differences were found in information processing capacity.