澳門籍大學生來臺就學與學成返澳的適應情形之研究

Abstract

雖然近年來澳門高等教育整體實力有向上的趨勢，但澳門高中畢業生仍有相當一部分會考慮到外地就學，而其中就有不少學生選擇到臺灣。而澳門籍大學生來臺就學與學成返澳的適應情況充滿挑戰與成長。因此，本研究目的在於瞭解澳門籍大學生至臺灣就讀大學之學習及生活適應情況，探討澳門與臺灣兩地學制差異對澳門籍大學生學習的影響以及探究澳門籍學生在臺灣完成學業後（立即）返回澳門工作的適應狀況。本研究的研究對象為五位已從臺灣畢業返回澳門就業的澳門學生，通過訪談法，得出結論並對相關群體提出建議。主要研究成果如下： 在臺灣就學期間，學生面對語言、文化、生活習慣的差異，需要克服初期的適應困難，並逐漸融入當地的學術與社會環境。雖然臺、澳兩地文化有一定相似性，但細微的文化差異仍可能引發適應壓力。此外，與本地學生建立深層友誼和處理家鄉與新環境的角色衝突，也是學生常見的挑戰之一。 學成返澳後，這些學生則需要重新調整自我定位，適應澳門快速變化的社會與職場需求。他們在臺期間所獲得的跨文化經驗與學術知識，為個人發展與職涯帶來優勢，但可能因為反向文化適應（Reverse Culture Shock）或對澳門社會期待的重新認識，面臨心理與專業層面的調適問題。 留學生返回澳門後，在工作上可能面臨多方面的困境。首先，研究發現，澳門學生返鄉後的求職道路受挫，部分學生須通過家中人脈獲得工作。其次，澳門的就業市場相對狹窄，特別是在專業領域，可能無法完全匹配留學生在外地所學的專業知識與技能，導致人才錯配或求職壓力增大。再者，部分僱主可能對外地學歷或經驗的認可度不高，導致求職時遭遇不平等對待。此外，由於缺乏本地實習或人脈網絡，留學生在競爭中可能處於劣勢。這些困境不僅影響其職業發展，也對他們的心理適應與未來規劃帶來挑戰。整體而言，這段跨文化的學習旅程，不僅是對學生適應能力的考驗，也為兩地教育與文化交流注入了新的視角與動力。Although the overall strength of higher education in Macao has shown an upward trend in recent years, a significant number of Macao high school graduates still consider pursuing studies abroad, with Taiwan being a popular choice. The adaptation experiences of Macao undergraduate students studying in Taiwan and returning to Macao after graduation are filled with challenges and growth opportunities. Therefore, this study aims to understand the academic and life adaptation of Macao undergraduate students in Taiwan, explore the impact of differences in educational systems between Macao and Taiwan on their learning experiences, and investigate the adaptation of these students to the workplace upon their (immediate) return to Macao after completing their studies in Taiwan.This study adopts a qualitative approach, focusing on five Macao students who graduated in Taiwan and are now employed in Macao. Through interviews, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations are provided for related groups.The main findings are as follows: During their time in Taiwan, students faced challenges related to differences in language, culture, and lifestyle. They had to overcome initial adaptation difficulties and gradually integrate into the local academic and social environment. Although the cultures of Taiwan and Macao share certain similarities, subtle cultural differences could still create adaptation pressures. Furthermore, building deep friendships with local students and resolving conflicts between their roles in their hometown and the new environment were common challenges.Upon returning to Macao after graduation, these students had to readjust their self-identity and adapt to the rapidly changing societal and workplace demands in Macao. The cross-cultural experiences and academic knowledge they gained in Taiwan provided advantages for their personal development and careers. However, they also faced psychological and professional adjustments due to reverse culture shock and a reevaluation of societal expectations in Macao.In the workplace, returning students encountered various challenges. First, the study revealed that some Macao students faced setbacks in their job searches and had to rely on family connections to secure employment. Second, Macao's relatively narrow job market, particularly in specialized fields, often failed to align with the professional knowledge and skills acquired abroad, leading to talent mismatches or increased job search pressure. Third, some employers exhibited limited recognition of foreign degrees or experiences, resulting in unequal treatment during the hiring process. Additionally, the lack of local internships or professional networks put returnees at a disadvantage in competitive situations. These challenges not only affected their career development but also posed psychological adaptation and future planning difficulties.Overall, this cross-cultural learning journey was not only a task of students' adaptability but also injected new perspectives and momentum into educational and cultural exchanges between Macao and Taiwan.