論辭章之聯貫

Abstract

一篇辭章是由「意」（情、理）與「象」（事、物﹝景﹞）融鑄而成的。其中不僅「意」與「象」本身形成「二元對待」，即「意」與「意」或「象」與「象」之間，也形成「二元對待」。就在這「二元」之間，往往是要加以聯貫的，而其整體（即全篇之情、理與事、物﹝景﹞），更要藉「層次邏輯系統」或「多」、「二」、「一（0）」螺旋結構，以形成其嚴密組織。以此切入探討辭章聯貫，約可分為兩種類型：一是有形的，用詞、句、節、段作上下意象之接榫，稱基本聯貫；一是無形的，藉個別意象作為局部之呼應，或以邏輯逐層形成整體之結構，稱藝術聯貫。辭章有此無形與有形之兩大聯貫類型，自然能將個別意象串聯成整體意象，以有效凸顯一篇之主旨、風格或美感。

A literary work consists of four elements: sentiment, reason, object (view) and matter. Sentiment and reason infer “concept”, and view as well as matter infer “form”. There exists a dualism between and within concepts and forms. And such a dualism needs to cohere all of the elements to form a rigid organization, by means of a “gradation logic system” or a “multiple, binary and unitary (zero) spiral structure”. There are two types of coherence in a literary work. One is visible; i.e. the arrangement of wording, sentences and paragraphs that links up concepts and forms. The other is invisible; i.e. the respondence to a speci.c image and the gradation of logic to integrate a whole structure. These types of coherences could highlight the motif, style and esthetics of a literary work.