地理研究
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Item 臺北盆地的降雨特性及與水文災害關係的研究(1)(地理學系, 1990-03-??) 陳國彥; 徐勝一; 丘逸民With generous support of the National Science Concil, the phase-I study of the underlined research topic has been successfully executed (project No. NSC78-0202-M003-04). In the past year, the research group established a rainfall monitoring network with 21 continuous-recording stations. The sampling period is set to 10-minute and the rainfall data is automatically recorded onto an electronic device for further analysis. As the first report, this paper mainly introduces the domain of the research as: (1) The time-spatial variation of the rainfall in Taipei Basin, (2) The spatial representation of Taipei Meteological station, (3) The urban effects on the rainfall pattern in Taipei Basin, (4) By the water balance method of one heavy rainfall, to discuss the urban flood and inundation of the urbanized area in terms of rainfall intensity, Maximum runoff, surface detention inundation, etc. For increasing the rainfall resolution in the horizontal dimension and coverring a wide area encompassing the whole Taipei Basin and its outskirts, the research group will set up 20 additional rain guage stations. It is expected that through this integrated study with various inundation cases, some effective suggestions can be achieved for the improvement of the existing pumping/sewerage system and for better control of the urban flood runoff and inundation problems in Taipei Basin.Item 香港吐露港地區空氣環流之研究(地理學系, 1993-09-??) 徐勝一Item 北風去南風回(地理學系, 2005-11-??) 徐勝一西元1931年在福建長樂南山寺出土的「天妃靈應之記」碑，記載了鄭和七次下西洋的史蹟，但出使年代與明史紀錄稍有不同。其中一次碑文記載永樂五年至七年 之旅，而明史未載；另一次明史載永樂二十二年舊港之行，而碑文不載。兩者同為七下西洋，但內容不盡相同，因此有舊說與新說之別。本文根據季風變化與航海往 返之規律，參酌一些曾被質疑或忽略的史料，重新詮釋這兩次有爭論的西洋之行。 事實上，鄭和於永樂五年九月第一次西洋行返回南京後，一直留在國內。鄭和在永樂六年九月再次奉詔後，便積極籌備第二次航海事宜，他在永樂七年一月奏請明成 祖封海神宋靈惠夫人為弘仁普濟天妃並建祠于儀鳳門，永樂七年二月奏請皇帝布施錫蘭山佛寺，同年三月進行編組航海官兵、籌措錢糧、及備妥大明皇帝敕諭諸番國 之昭告文等事項。這些事實說明了鄭和在永樂五年至七年間，沒有親率船隊下西洋。 關於永樂二十二年鄭和奉命賜印舊港施進卿之子施濟孫請襲宣慰使之事，明史記之而碑文略之，因此學者對於鄭和是否完成此行任務有不同意見。新說者有謂此旅不 及印度洋而不計西洋之旅者；有謂成祖駕崩後仁宗繼位罷寶船，故有受命而未成行者；也有謂鄭和無法在一月受命後的七個月內完成任務者。然而本文參考《前聞 記》所載鄭和宣德年航海，重估南京舊港間之行程，認為此行乃輕舟簡從之臨時任務，可以在四個月內完成舊港之行。此外，成祖於永樂二十二年七月辛卯駕崩榆木 川行次，朝廷以六軍在外密不發喪，仁宗八月丁巳繼位後，始罷寶船，鄭和不可能在受命後遲未啟程而誤失風期。因此，鄭和是在完成賜印舊港酋長回京後，始聞成 祖駕崩消息的。 綜上所述，明史所云鄭和七下西洋之說法，仍較碑文為合理可信。Item 談中國古籍裡的雨異現象(地理學系, 1995-10-??) 徐勝一; 陳國彥; 翁國盈; 丘逸民Unusual precipitation refers to any precipitating subject but commomly observed raindrops, snowflakes, and hails. They include dust, sand, feather, silk, rice, grass, charcal, fish, meat, bone, worm, gold, coin, bloody-rain, bloody-snow and etc. A research project on "Reconstruction of Climate Data from Ancient Chinese History" was proposed by this study group and is funded by the National Science Council. Excerpts of unusual precipitation records from an edited computer file are the bases for analysis and discussion in this article. Causes of most of these precipitating subjects may be interpreted through meteorological consequences; such as typhoon, tornado, and dust-storm. While some of the peculiar events; such as sky-falling meat, coin, gold and etc. still remain unknown and reserved for further investigation.Item 自然地理野外實習資料記錄器(地理學系, 1988-03-??) 徐勝一; 陳國彥; 丘逸民A data-logger designed for physical geography in field-study is introduced in this article. It uses either A. C. or D. C. power and is equipped with nine input channels and nine sampling time-periods. A replaceable memory cartridge used in this data logging system is a special feature that makes data recording easy either in a mobile (short-term) observation or in a fixed-point (long-term) operation.The specially designed memory cartridge also makes the collected-data easy and convenient for process when it is linked up with a personal computer. On account of its low-cot manu?facturing expenses and its data-process efficiency for academic research, the machine structure and its operation procedure become worthwhile to be introduced for examination.Item 北魏孝文帝遷都洛陽與氣候變化之研究(地理學系, 2003-05-??) 徐勝一北魏孝文帝將首都從平城遷到洛陽，史家認為是拓跋宏考量當時政治、經濟、軍事、文化等多元因素所做的決定，也有認為是他的漢化思維所誘發的舉動。然而司馬光在資治通鑑所載「魏主以平城地寒，六月雨雪，風沙常起，將遷都洛陽」，強調當時之惡劣氣候是南遷的主因。 本文採三個步驟來比較平城古今氣候：(1)利用近年之地面氣象觀測紀錄，了解大同之氣候現況。(2)演譯古詩詞及古文獻中之環境信息，重塑平城之古氣候。(3)根據樹輪、冰芯、及湖泊沉積物等具有時間序列的地球科學資料，展現出西元五百年左右的氣候環境。 研究結果顯示，不論是演譯史籍文獻或是根據地球科學資料，平城在北魏時代的氣溫低於現今。從文史記載分析北魏時代霜期的長短，推估408AD-537AD間的平均最低溫度，至少比今日低0.820℃，而在479AD-509AD的最冷時期，其平均最低溫度則比今日低2.66℃。寒冷氣候應是拓跋宏南遷的重要原因之一。 歷史文獻對古環境之描述存在著定性之氣候信息，而技術逐漸成熟的地球科學分析又能提供時間序列的數化依據，若能妥善利用此兩項工具，對重建二千年來氣候變化的時間序列資料是具有重大意義的。Item A Study of the Secular Temperature Increase in Taiwan Compared with Global Warming(地理學系, 1999-11-??) 陳國彥; 徐勝一; 丘逸民; 胡金印本文藉台灣中央氣象局的五個氣象站的月均溫與年均溫資料，來分析台灣地區現代(1897-1997)氣溫變化趨勢，並與同期的世界氣溫變化趨勢進行比較。本文首先檢定各站氣象資料序列的一致性程度，然後以低通濾波、趨勢分析、頻譜分析、主成分分析等統計方法，來探討台灣地區的現代氣溫變化趨勢。分析結果顯示在現代(1897-1997)，五個氣象站的所錄得的氣溫均有明顯的上昇趨勢，其中以夏季氣溫的上昇最為強烈。五個氣象站的氣溫資料在透過主成分分析後，可降維為一個由筆者命名為「全台灣氣溫序列」(all Taiwan temperature series )的主成分，此主成分所代表的台灣地區現代(1897-1997)的氣溫上昇趨勢是甚為明顯的，達1.14℃，較同時期全球氣溫的上昇值高出0.60℃，約為全球氣溫上昇值的兩倍。在台灣地區的現代氣溫上昇趨勢中，有些時期的氣溫變化週期與艾尼紐∕南方振盪及準二年振盪(QBO)具有遙相關。Item 釋古人之「雷」及「無雲而雷」(地理學系, 1997-11-??) 徐勝一When reviewing the ancient historical books and local chronological records, it is recognized that ancient Chinese is very respectful to the destructive power of thunders. when thunders appeared, the time of occurrence, the sky condition, and the accompanying rumbling noise, usually signified the degree of disaster that the civilians and the emperor were going to suffer in the coming future. Ancient records of thunders and the associated hazards are interpreted through the principles of climatology in the text. This article also attempts to explain the phenomena of 「 clear day thunders 」 as they were often recorded in Chinese history. The huge rambling noise in the natural environment might be attributed to the land slide, mountain humming, earth quake, tidal wave, and meteor shower in addition to the genuine thunders. The phenomena of 「 clear day thunders 」 are believed to relate with the meteor showers most of the cases, although other possible causes such as remote volcanic eruption and the atmospheric auto-convective lapse condition should be considered if detailed records are available for further interpretation.