父母執行功能對親職倦怠的影響：以主觀社經地位為調節變項

Abstract

在現代社會中，父母除了須滿足子女基本需求外，亦被期待提供子女更好的照顧與成長環境，導致父母的親職壓力及相關身心困擾日益增加，進而產生親職倦怠。親職倦怠不同於一般的育兒壓力，是對持續且過度壓力的反應，可能對父母心理健康與親子關係帶來更深遠的影響。而執行功能作為調節壓力與情緒的關鍵機制，能夠幫助個體在面對挑戰時採取有效的因應策略，故當父母在執行功能上出現困難，可能更難以管理育兒壓力，進而增加親職倦怠的風險。本研究旨在探討父母執行功能困難對親職倦怠的影響，並檢驗主觀社經地位之調節效果。研究以問卷調查法進行，蒐集父母的基本資料、親職倦怠程度、執行功能困難情形與主觀社經地位評估，共納入192位與19歲以下子女同住之父母。結果顯示，父母和子女互動的時間與子女數與親職倦怠間並無關聯，而父母教育年數與其執行功能及其主觀社經地位的知覺皆呈正相關。此外，父母執行功能困難與主觀社經地位亦呈負相關，並可預測親職倦怠程度；然而父母主觀社經地位與親職倦怠程度無關。另外，本研究發現高主觀社經地位的可減緩父母執行功能對親職倦怠的影響，而中等與低主觀社經地位則會加劇父母執行功能困難對親職倦怠的影響。最後，本研究根據結果，給予親職介入方案與未來研究方向建議。In modern society, parents are expected not only to meet their children's basic needs but also to provide an optimal caregiving and developmental environment. These heightened expectations have led to increasing parental stress and related psychological burdens, which may result in parental burnout. Unlike general parenting stress, parental burnout is a response to prolonged and overwhelming stress, with potentially deeper impacts on parental mental health and parent–child relationships. Executive function, as a key mechanism for regulating stress and emotions, enables individuals to adopt effective coping strategies when facing challenges. Therefore, when parents experience difficulties with executive function, they may struggle to manage parenting stress, thereby increasing the risk of parental burnout. This study aimed to examine the effect of parental executive function difficulties on parental burnout and to investigate whether subjective socioeconomic status moderates this relationship. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey on parents’ demographic characteristics, parental burnout levels, executive function difficulties, and subjective socioeconomic status (SES). A total of 192 parents living with children under the age of 19 were included in the study. The results showed that neither the amount of time spent with children nor the number of children was significantly associated with parental burnout. However, parents' years of education were positively correlated with both executive function and subjective SES. Additionally, executive function difficulties and subjective SES were negatively correlated, and executive function difficulties significantly predicted parental burnout. In contrast, subjective SES alone was not directly related to parental burnout. Further analysis revealed a moderation effect: among parents with low or medium subjective SES, executive function difficulties had a stronger impact onparental burnout, whereas this effect was not significant among those with high subjective SES. Based on these findings, the study offers suggestions for parental intervention programs and directions for future research.