華人文化脈落中諮商與心理輔導專業工作者之反移情處理能力.孝道信念與順道行為對諮商效能的影響之研究

Abstract

本研究以華人文化脈絡為背景，探討我國諮商與心理治療專業工作者之反移情處理能力、孝道信念與順道行為對治療效能之影響。本研究邀請具有兩年以上個別諮商或心理治療之經驗、且從事成年個別諮商或心理治療之專業工作者(男性5位，女性61位，平均年齡33歲)及一位與其晤談三次以上的個案(男性17位，女性48位，平均年齡24歲)共同參與研究。參與研究之治療師需在當次晤談結束後立即填寫反移情因素量表、孝道信念量表以及符合父母期望量表，以測量其反移情處理能力、孝道信念與順道行為。在治療效能方面，則由治療師與個案雙方在晤談結束後均填寫工作同量表及晤談感受問卷以作為治療效能之評定指標。研究結果發現，反移情處理能力會直接影響治療師與個案雙方所知覺的工作同盟以及治療師的晤談感受；此外，反移情處理能力亦會透過治療師之焦慮間接影響這三個變項。在文化因素方面，研究發現治療師之相互性孝道信念會直接影響治療師所知覺之工作同盟，而順道行為則對治療效能無顯著的影響。最後，研究者根據研究結果提出理論、實務與研究上之建議。This research examined how the countertransference management, filial piety and living up to parental expectation influenced on the efficacy of counseling and psychotherapy. There were 66 counselors and therapists (5 men, 61 women, with the average age 33 years old, having at least 2 years professional experience) engage in the study. A total of 65 clients (17men, 48women, with the average age 24 years old) were recruited in this study together, who receive psychotherapy with the above counselors/therapists at least 3 times. Counselors or therapists were required to fill a package of the Countertransference Factors Inventory (CFI), Reciprocal Filial Piety (RFP), Personal Maturity (PM) of Parental Expectation Inventory (PEI) and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) immediately after the session. Besides, counselors/therapists and clients also filled the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) and the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) after the session. The result revealed that countertransference management directly influenced on the working alliance of both counselors/therapists and clients, and it also impacted directly on the session experiences of counselors/therapists. In addition, countertransference management had the indirect effect on these three variables by anxiety.