諮商心理師與社工師在協助遭逢家庭內性侵害兒童進行家庭重聚之處遇經驗探究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解諮商心理師與社工師在協助遭逢家庭內性侵害的兒童，進行家庭重聚的工作經驗，主要包括家庭重聚的處遇與評估、困境經驗與有效解決策略、以及兩專業間的合作，進而達成功之家庭重聚。本研究採以質性研究中社會建構取向的紮根理論為研究方法，進行半結構的深度訪談。本研究共邀請 14 位諮商心理師與 13 位社工師。研究結果發現：1.家庭內性侵害之家庭重聚經驗內涵包含處遇計畫的形塑與執行、家庭重聚的評估向度、以及分階段的介入歷程與工作要點；2.實務困境則為兒童能力有限、加害者的危險因子無法減少、司法對家庭重聚影響力、原生家庭改變不易、介入與監控功能有限、資源聯繫與整合的困難；3.困境因應的策略為促進家庭關係的聯結、誘發系統的改變、在司法上呈現中立態度、增加返家前後的評估介入、因地制宜；4.合作經驗為多專業的各司其職，責任分工，以及專業間的合作共生，共利互惠。本研究根據研究結果提出：諮商心理師與社工師協助遭逢家庭內性侵害兒童進行家庭重聚之生態互動模式。此模式以家庭為單位的逐步漸進工作方式、家庭韌力與優勢取向為底蘊，模式內涵為透過諮商心理師與社工師專業間的合作，協助遭逢家庭內性侵害與其家庭的處遇工作，並協助向外連結其生態系統，建立夥伴關係的生態互動合作。最後，本研究針對研究結果進行討論，並針對實務與未來研究提出建議。This study aims at understanding the work and experience of counseling psychologists and social workers in helping children who suffered from intra-family sexual abuse and proceeded with their family unification. It mainly focuses on the intervention and evaluation for family reunification, the experience of dilemmas and effective resolution strategies, and the interdisciplinary cooperation, which lead to the successful accomplishment of family reunification. This study adopted the research method which is based on constructivist grounded theory with qualitative analysis, and conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews. A total of 14 counseling psychologists and 13 social workers were invited to participate in this study. Research results reveal that: 1. The experience of family reunification for those who suffered from intra-family sexual abuse included the forming and execution of an intervention plan, the evaluation orientations of family reunification, the staged intervention process and respective work focuses; 2. practical dilemmas included the limits of children’s ability, failure in reducing the perpetrator’s risk factors, the judiciary’s influence on family reunification, the difficulty in changing the family of origin, the limited performance of intervention and monitoring work, and the difficulty in linking and consolidating resources; 3. strategies for coping with the dilemmas include enhancing internal connections within family, inducing systematic change, presenting judicial impartiality, intensifying evaluations and interventions before and after the concerned person returned home, and devising proper measures to match individual conditions; 4. the experience of interdisciplinary cooperation is mostly characterized by professional responsibility assignment, interdisciplinary interdependence, mutual benefit, and reciprocity. Based on the research results, an ecosystem-interactive model of family reunification is recommended for counseling psychologists and social workers to help children having suffered from intra-family sexual abuse. In this model, a family-based progressive work approach is adopted, which is rooted in the foundation of family resilience and the strength approach. Through interdisciplinary cooperation, counseling psychologists and social workers offer help to the victims of intra-family sexual abuse and intervene in their families. Assistance is also given to make connection with the external ecosystem, so as to build an ecosystem-interactive partnership. Finally, the research results are discussed and recommendations for practical work and future studies are proposed in this study.